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Armenian Genocide of 2.5 Million Muslim People

_The Jewish Times_ June 21, 1990

_An appropriate analogy with the Jewish Holocaust might be the
 systematic extermination of the entire Muslim population of 
 the independent republic of Armenia which consisted of at 
 least 30-40 percent of the population of that republic. The 
 memoirs of an Armenian army officer who participated in and 
 eye-witnessed these atrocities was published in the U.S. in
 1926 with the title 'Men Are Like That.' Other references abound._


A. Lalayan, _Revolutsionniy Vostok (Revolutionary East)_ 
             No: 2-3, Moscow, 1936.
            -One of the architects of the Armenian genocide 
             of 2.5 million Muslim people_


 _I killed Muslims by every means possible. Yet it is 
  sometimes a pity to waste bullets for this. The best 
  way is to gather all of these dogs and throw them into  
  wells and then fill the wells with big and heavy stones, 
  as I did. I gathered all of the women, men and children, 
  threw big stones down on top of them. They must never live 
  on this earth._


 Leonard Ramsden Hartill, _Men Are Like That_ The Bobbs-Merrill 
                           Company, Indianapolis (1926). 
_Memoirs of an Armenian officer who participated in the Armenian
 genocide of 2.5 million Muslim people_


_Foreword:_

_For example, we were camped one night in a half-ruined Tartar 
 mosque, the most habitable building of a destroyed village, near 
 the border of Persia and Russian Armenia. During the course of 
 evening I asked Ohanus if he could tell me anything of the history 
 of the village and the cause of its destruction. In his matter of 
 fact way he replied, Yes, I assisted in its sack and destruction, 
 and witnessed the slaying of those whose bones you saw to-day 
 scattered among its ruins._

p. 218 (first and second paragraphs)

_We Armenians did not spare the Muslims. If persisted in, the 
 slaughtering of Tartars, the looting, and the rape and massacre 
 of the helpless become commonplace actions expected and accepted 
 as a matter of course.

 I have been on the scenes of massacres where the dead lay on the 
 ground, in numbers, like the fallen leaves in a forest. Muslims 
 had been as helpless and as defenseless as sheep. They had not died 
 as soldiers die in the heat of battle, fired with ardor and courage, 
 with weapons in their hands, and exchanging blow for blow. They had 
 died as the helpless must, with their hearts and brains bursting 
 with horror worse than death itself._


 Leonard Ramsden Hartill, _Men Are Like That_ The Bobbs-Merrill 
                           Company, Indianapolis (1926). 
_Memoirs of an Armenian officer who participated in the Armenian
 genocide of 2.5 million Muslim people_


p. 15 (second paragraph)

_The Tartars [Muslims] were, for the most part, poor. Some of them 
 lived in villages and cultivated small farms; many of them continued 
 in the way of life of their nomadic forefathers. They drove their 
 flocks and herds from valley to valley, from plain to mountain, and 
 from mountain to plain, following the pasturage as it changed with 
 the seasons. They ranged from the salt desert shores of the Caspian 
 Sea far into the mighty Caucasus Mountains. Even the village Tartars 
 are a primitive people, only semicivilized.

 I can see now that we Armenians frankly despised the Tartars, and, 
 while holding a disproportionate share of the wealth of the country, 
 regarded and treated them as inferiors._


p. 20 (second paragraph)

_Our men armed themselves, gathered together and advanced on the 
 Tartar section of the village. There were no lights in the houses 
 and the doors were barred, for the Tartars suspected what as to 
 happen and were in great fear. Our men hammered on the doors, but 
 got no response; whereupon they smashed in the doors and began a 
 carnage that continued until the last Tartar was slain. Throughout 
 the hideous night, I cowered at home in terror, unable to shut my 
 ears to the piercing screams of the helpless victims and the loud 
 shouts of our men. By morning the work was finished._


 Leonard Ramsden Hartill, _Men Are Like That_ The Bobbs-Merrill 
                           Company, Indianapolis (1926). 
_Memoirs of an Armenian officer who participated in the Armenian
 genocide of 2.5 million Muslim people_


p. 109 (second paragraph).

_The method of execution was for an Armenian government 'mauserist' 
 to walk up behind the condemned Muslim in his home or on the street, 
 place a pistol to the back of his head and blow out his brains. 
 This simple way of getting rid of those who were undesirable in 
 the view of the Armenian government and soon became a common way 
 of paying debts._


p. 202 (first and second paragraphs)

_We closed the roads and mountain passes that might serve as 
 ways of escape for the Tartars and then proceeded in the work 
 of extermination. Our troops surrounded village after village. 
 Little resistance was offered. Our artillery knocked the huts 
 into heaps of stone and dust and when the villages became untenable 
 and inhabitants fled from them into fields, bullets and bayonets 
 completed the work. Some of the Tartars escaped of course. They 
 found refuge in the mountains or succeeded in crossing the border 
 into Turkey. The rest were killed. And so it is that the whole 
 length of the borderland of Russian Armenia from Nakhitchevan to 
 Akhalkalaki from the hot plains of Ararat to the cold mountain 
 plateau of the North were dotted with mute mournful ruins of 
 Tartar villages. They are quiet now, those villages, except for 
 howling of wolves and jackals that visit them to paw over the 
 scattered bones of the dead._


 Leonard Ramsden Hartill, _Men Are Like That_ The Bobbs-Merrill 
                           Company, Indianapolis. 
_Memoirs of an Armenian officer who participated in the Armenian
 genocide of 2.5 million Muslim people_

p. 203 (second paragraph)

_One evening I passed through what had been a Tartar village. Among 
 the ruins a fire was burning. I went to the fire and saw seated about
 it a group of soldiers. Among them were two Tartar girls, mere children.
 The girls were crouched on the ground, crying softly with suppressed
 sobs. Lying scattered over the ground were broken household utensils 
 and other furnishings of Tartar peasant homes. There were also bodies 
 of the Muslim dead._

p. 204 (first paragraph)

_I was soon asleep. In the night I was awakened by the persistent crying 
 of a child. I arose and went to investigate. A full moon enabled me to 
 make my way about and revealed to me all the wreck and litter of the 
 tragedy that had been enacted. Guided by the child's crying, I entered 
 the yard of a house, which I judged from its appearance must have been 
 the home of a Muslim family. There in a corner of the yard I found a 
 women dead. Her throat had been cut. Lying on her breast was a small 
 child, a girl about a year old._


_San Francisco Chronicle_ (December 11, 1983)

_We have first hand information and evidence of Armenian 
 atrocities against our people (Jews). Members of our family 
 witnessed the murder of 148 members of our family near Erzurum, 
 Turkey, by Armenian neighbors, bent on destroying anything and 
 anybody remotely Jewish and/or Muslim...Armenians were in league 
 with Hitler in the last war, on his premise to grant themselves 
 government if, in return, the Armenians would help exterminate 
 Jews. Armenians were also hearty proponents of the anti-Semitic 
 acts in league with the Russian Communists._

Signed Elihu Ben Levi, Vacaville, California.


"U.S. Library of Congress" _Bristol Papers_ - General 
                            Correspondence Container #34.

 _While the Dashnaks [x-Russian Armenian Government] were in 
  power they did everything in the world to keep the pot boiling 
  by attacking Kurds, Turks and Tartars; by committing outrages 
  against the Moslems; by massacring the Moslems; and robbing and 
  destroying their homes. During the last two years the Armenians 
  in Russian Caucasus have shown no ability to govern themselves 
  and especially no ability to govern or handle other races under 
  their power._


_Bristol Papers_, General Correspondence: Container #32: Bristol 
                  to Bradley Letter of September 14, 1920.

_I have it from absolute first-hand information that the 
 Armenians in the Caucasus attacked Tartar (Muslim) villages 
 that are utterly defenseless and bombarded these villages 
 with artillery and they murder the inhabitants, pillage the 
 village and often burn the village._


F. Kazemzadeh, _The Struggle for Transcaucasia_ (New York, 1951), 
               p. 69.

_This three-day massacre by Armenians is recorded in history as 
 the 'March Events' and thousands of Muslims, old people, women 
 and children lost their lives._


W. E. D. Allen and Paul Muratoff, _Caucasian Battlefields_ Cambridge 
                                  University Press, 1953, p. 481.

_As the Armenians found support among the Reds (who regarded the 
 Tartars as a counter-revolutionary elements) the fighting soon 
 became a massacre of the Tartar population._


G. Bronsart, _Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung_ July 24, 1921 

_Since all the Moslems capable of bearing arms were in the 
 Muslim Army, it was easy to organize a terrible massacre by 
 the Armenians against defenseless people, because the Armenians 
 were not only attacking the sides and rear of the Eastern Army 
 paralyzed at the front by the Russians, but were attacking the 
 Moslem folk in the region as well._


John Dewey, _The Turkish Tragedy_ The New Republic, Volume 40, 
             November 12, 1928, pp. 268-269.

_Armenians boasted of having raised an army of one hundred and 
 fifty thousand men to fight a civil war, and that they burned 
 at least a hundred Muslim villages and exterminated their 
 population._


G. Hamelin, _Les Armees Francaises au Levant_ February 2, 1919,
             Vol. 1, p. 122.

_Armenians burned and destroyed many Muslim villages in their 
 advance and practically all Muslim villages in their retreat 
 from Marash._


Prof F. Hertas, _Van Muslim Holocaust Museum: Muslim and Western
                 Documents on the Genocide Committed by the Armenians 
                 Against the Muslims_ 1984.

p. 121.

_In his speech given at the Sivas Congress, Mustafa Kemal once again 
 drew a picture of the country under occupation:

 In the East, the Armenians are making preparations for advancing to 
 the River Halys (Kizilirmak), and have already started a policy of 
 massacring the Moslem population._

p. 122.

_The situation of the southern provinces of Turkey after the signing 
 of the Mudros Armistice is described by Ataturk in his speech:

 The Armenians in the south, armed by foreign troops and encouraged 
 by the protection they enjoyed, molested the Mohammedans of their 
 district. They pursued a relentless policy of murder and extinction 
 everywhere. The Armenians had completely destroyed an old Mohammedan 
 town like Maras by their artillery and machine-gun fire.

 They killed thousands of innocent and defenceless Muslim women and 
 children. The Armenians were the instigators of the atrocities, which 
 were unique in history. 

 Threatened by the bayonets of the Armenians, who were armed to the teeth, 
 the Mohammedans in the Vilayet of Adana were at that time in danger of
 being annihilated. While this policy of oppression and annihilation was
 carried on against the Mohammedans by the Armenians..._


Basar, H. K. (ed.); _Muslim and Russian Documents on the Genocide 
                     Committed by the Armenians Against the Muslims_
                     1981.

p. 22.

_The atrocities and massacres which have been committed for a long time
 against the Muslim population within the Armenian Republic have been 
 confirmed with very accurate information, and the observations made by
 Rawlinson, the British representative in Erzurum, have confirmed that
 these atrocities are being committed by the Armenians. The United States
 delegation of General Harbord has seen the thousands of refugees who came 
 to take refuge with Kazim Karabekir's soldiers, hungry and miserable, 
 their children and wives, their properties destroyed, and the delegation
 was a witness to the cruelties. Many Muslim villages have been destroyed
 by the soldiers of Armenian troops armed with cannons and machine guns
 before the eyes of Karabekir's troops and the people. When it was hoped
 that this operation would end, unfortunately since the beginning of 
 February the cruelties inflicted on the Muslim population of the region
 of Shuraghel, Akpazar, Zarshad, and Childir have increased. According
 to documented information, 28 Muslim villages have been destroyed in the
 aforementioned region, more than 60,000 people have been slaughtered,
 many possessions and livestock have been seized, young Muslim women
 have been taken to Kars and Gumru, thousands of women and children who
 were able to flee their villages were beaten, raped and massacred in the
 mountains, and this aggression against the properties, lives, chastity 
 and honour of the Muslims continued. It was the responsibility of the
 Armenian Government that the cruelties and massacres be stopped in order 
 to alleviate the tensions of Muslim public opinion due to the atrocities 
 committed by the Armenians, that the possessions taken from the Muslims
 be returned and that indemnities be paid, that the properties, lives,
 and honour of the Muslims be protected._


Avetis Aharonian, _From Sardarapat to Sevres and Lausanne_ 
                   Armenian Review, Vol. 16, No. 3-63, Autumn, 
                   Sep. 1963, pp. 47-57.


p. 52 (second paragraph).

_Your three Armenian chiefs, Dro, Hamazasp and Kulkhandanian are 
 the ringleaders of the bands which have destroyed Muslim villages 
 and have staged massacres in Zangezour, Surmali, Etchmiadzin, and 
 Zangibasar. This is intolerable. Look - and here he pointed to a 
 file of official documents on the table - look at this, here in 
 December are the reports of the last few months concerning ruined 
 Muslim villages which my representative Wardrop has sent me. The 
 official Tartar communique speaks of the destruction of 300 villages
 by the Armenians._

p. 54 (fifth paragraph).

_Yes, of course. I repeat, until this massacre of the Muslim is 
 stopped and the three chiefs are not removed from your military 
 leadership I hardly think we can supply you arms and ammunition._

_It is the armed bands led by Dro, Hamazasp and Kulkhandanian who
 during the past months have raided and destroyed many Muslim villages 
 in the regions of Surmali, Etchmiadzin, Zangezour, and Zangibasar. 
 There are official charges of massacres by the Armenians._


Doc. Dr. Azmi Suslu, _Russian View on the Genocide Committed by 
                      the Armenians Against the Muslims_ 1987, 
                      pp. 45-53.

_The killings were organized by the doctors and the employers, and 
 the act of killing was committed solely by the Armenian Army. More 
 than eighty thousand unarmed and defenceless Muslims have been massacred 
 in Erzincan and Erzurum. Large holes were dug and the defenceless 
 Muslims were slaughtered like animals next to the holes. Later, the
 murdered Muslims were thrown into the holes. The Armenian who stood 
 near the hole would say when the hole was filled with the corpses:
 'Seventy dead bodies, well, this hole can take ten more.' Thus ten
 more Muslims would be cut into pieces, thrown into the hole, and when
 the hole was full it would be covered over with soil.

 The Armenians responsible for the act of murdering would frequently
 fill a house with eighty Muslims, and cut their heads off one by one.
 Following the Erzincan massacre, the Armenians began to withdraw
 towards Erzurum... The Armenian Army among those who withdrew to 
 Erzurum from Erzincan raided the Moslem villages on the road, and
 destroyed the entire population, together with the villages._


A. Rawlinson, _Adventures in the Near East_ 
Jonathan Cape, 30 Bedford Square, London, 1934 
(First published 1923) (287 pages).
_Memoirs of a British officer who witnessed the 
 Armenian genocide of 2.5 million Muslim people_

p. 184 (second paragraph)

_I had received further very definite information of horrors 
 that had been committed by the Armenian soldiery in Kars Plain, 
 and as I had been able to judge of their want of discipline by 
 their treatment of my own detached parties, I had wired to Tiflis 
 from Zivin that 'in the interests of humanity the Armenians should 
 not be left in independent command of the Moslem population, as, 
 their troops being without discipline and not under effective control, 
 atrocities were constantly being committed, for which we should with 
 justice eventually be held to be morally responsible'_



A. Rawlinson, _Adventures in the Near East_ 
Jonathan Cape, 30 Bedford Square, London, 1934 
(First published 1923) (287 pages).
_Memoirs of a British officer who witnessed the 
 Armenian genocide of 2.5 million Muslim people_


p. 178 (first paragraph)

_In those Moslem villages in the plain below which had been 
 searched for arms by the Armenians everything had been taken 
 under the cloak of such search, and not only had many Moslems 
 been killed by the Armenian Army, but horrible tortures had 
 been inflicted in the endeavour to obtain information as to 
 where valuables had been hidden, of which the Armenians were 
 aware of the existence, although they had been unable to find 
 them._


p. 177 (third paragraph)

_Armenian troops have pillaged and destroyed all the Moslem 
 villages in the plain. Caravans of refugees were in the meanwhile 
 constantly arriving from the plain, from which the whole Moslem 
 population was fleeing with as much of their personal property as 
 they could transport, seeking to obtain security and protection._



A. Rawlinson, _Adventures in the Near East_ 
Jonathan Cape, 30 Bedford Square, London, 1934 
(First published 1923) (287 pages).
_Memoirs of a British officer who witnessed the 
 Armenian genocide of 2.5 million Muslim people_


p. 175 (first paragraph)

_The arrival of this British brigade was followed by the 
 announcement that Kars Province had been allotted by the 
 Supreme Council of the Allies to the Armenians, and that 
 announcement having been made, the British troops were then 
 completely withdrawn, and Armenian occupation commenced. Hence 
 all the trouble; for the Armenians at once commenced the wholesale 
 robbery and persecution of the Muslem population on the pretext 
 that it was necessary forcibly to deprive them of their arms.
 In the portion of the province which lies in the plains they 
 were able to carry out their purpose, and the manner in which 
 this was done will be referred to in due course._

p. 181 (first paragraph)

_The Armenians from the plain were attacking the Kurdish people 
 with artillery, with a large force in support._


Robert Dunn, _World Alive, A Personal Story_ 
Crown Publishers, Inc., New York (1952). 
_Memoirs of an American officer who witnessed the 
 Armenian genocide of 2.5 million Muslim people_

p. 361 (seventh paragraph) and p. 362 (first paragraph).

 'The most of the Muslims slaughtered by the Armenians are 
  inside houses. Come you and look.'
 'No, dammit! My stomach isn't-'
 _We were under those trees by the mosque, in an open space.
 'I don't believe you,' I said, but followed to a nail-studded 
  door. The man pushed it ajar, then spurred away, leaving me 
  to check on the corpse. I thought I should, this charge was 
  so constant, so gritted my teeth and went inside.

  The place was cool but reeked of sodden ashes, and was dark 
  at first, for its stone walls had only window slits. Rags 
  strewed the mud floor around an iron tripod over embers that 
  vented their smoke through roof beams black with soot. All 
  looked bare and empty, but in an inner room flies buzzed. As 
  the door swung shut behind me I saw they came from a man's 
  body lying face up, naked but for its grimy turban. He was 
  about fifty years old by what was left of his face - a rifle 
  butt had bashed an eye. The one left slanted, as with Tartars 
  rather than with Kurds. Any uniform once on him was gone, so 
  I'd no proof which he was, and quickly went out, gagging at 
  the mess of his slashed genitals._


Robert Dunn, _World Alive, A Personal Story_ 
Crown Publishers, Inc., New York (1952). 
_Memoirs of an American officer who witnessed the 
 Armenian genocide of 2.5 million Muslim people_

p. 363 (first paragraph). 

 'How many Muslim people lived there?'
 'Oh, about eight hundred.' He yawned.
 'Did you see any Muslim officers?'
 'No, sir. I was in at dawn. All were Tartar civilians in mufti.'

_The lieutenant dozed off, then I, but in the small hours a 
 voice woke me - Dro's [Armenian architect of the genocide 
 of 2.5 million Muslim people - ye]. He stood in the starlight 
 bawling out an officer. Anyone keelhauled so long and furiously 
 I'd never heard. Then abruptly Dro broke into laughter, quick 
 and simple as child's. Both were a cover for his sense of guilt, 
 I thought, or hoped. For somehow, despite my boast of irreligion, 
 Christian Armenian massacring 'infidels' was more horrible than 
 the reverse would have been.

 From daybreak on, Armenian villagers poured in from miles around.
 The Armenian women plundered happily, chattering like ravens as 
 they picked over the carcass of Djul. They hauled out every hovel's 
 chattels, the last scrap of food or cloth, and staggered away, packing 
 pots, saddlebags, looms, even spinning-wheels.

 'Thank you for a lot, Dro,' I said to him back in camp. 'But now I 
 must leave.' We shook hands, the captain said 'A bientot, mon camarade.' 
 And for hours the old Molokan scout and I plodded north across parching 
 plains. Like Lot's wife I looked back once to see smoke bathing all, 
 doubtless in a sack of other Moslem villages by the Armenian Army up to 
 the line of snow that was Iran.'_


Robert Dunn, _World Alive, A Personal Story_ 
Crown Publishers, Inc., New York (1952). 
_Memoirs of an American officer who witnessed the 
 Armenian genocide of 2.5 million Muslim people_


p. 354.

_At morning tea, Dro [Armenian architect of the genocide of 2.5 
 million Muslim people - ye] and his officers spread out a map 
 of this whole high region called the Karabakh. Deep in tactics, 
 Armenians spoke Russian, but I got their contempt for Allied 
 'neutral' zones and their distrust of promises made by tribal 
 chiefs. A campaign shaped; more raids on Moslem villages._

p. 358.

"It will be three hours to take," Dro told me. We'd close in on 
 three sides.
"The men on foot will not shoot, but use only the bayonets," 
 Merrimanov said, jabbing a rifle in dumbshow.
"That is for morale," Dro put in. "We must keep the Moslems in 
 terror."
"Soldiers or civilians?" I asked.
"There is no difference," said Dro. "All are armed, in uniform 
 or not."
"But the women and children?"
"Will fly with the others as best they may."


Robert Dunn, _World Alive, A Personal Story_ 
Crown Publishers, Inc., New York (1952). 
_Memoirs of an American officer who witnessed the 
 Armenian genocide of 2.5 million Muslim people_

p. 360.

_The ridges circled a wide expanse, its floors still. Hundreds 
 of feet down, the fog held, solid as cotton flock. 'Djul lies 
 under that,' said Dro [Armenian architect of the genocide of 
 2.5 million Muslim people - ye], pointing. 'Our men also attack 
 Muslims from the other sides.'

 Then, 'Whee-ee!' - his whistle lined up all at the rock edge. 
 Bayonets clicked upon carbines. Over plunged Archo, his black 
 haunches rippling; then followed the staff, the horde - nose 
 to tail, bellies taking the spur. Armenia in action seemed more 
 like a pageant than war, even though I heard our Utica brass roar.

 As I watched from the height, it took ages for Djul to show clear. 
 A tsing of machine-gun fire took over from the thumping batteries; 
 cattle lowed, dogs barked, invisible, while I ate a hunk of cheese 
 and drank from a snow puddle. Mist at last folded upward as men 
 shouted, at first heard faintly. Then came a shrill wailing.

 Now among the cloud-streaks rose darker wisps - smoke. Red glimmered 
 about house walls of stone or wattle, into dry weeds on roofs. A 
 mosque stood in clump of trees, thick and green. Through crooked 
 alleys on fire, horsemen were galloping after figures both mounted 
 and on foot.

 'Tartarski!' shouted the Armenian gunner by me. Others pantomimed 
 them in escape over the rocks, while one twisted a bronze shell-nose, 
 loaded, and yanked breech-cord, firing again and again. Shots wasted, 
 I thought, when by afternoon I looked in vain for fallen branch or 
 Muslim body. But these shots and the white bursts of shrapnel in the 
 gullies drowned the women's cries.

 At length all shooting petered out. I got on my horse and rode down 
 toward Djul. It burned still but little flame showed now. The way was 
 steep and tough, through dense scrub. Finally on flatter ground I came 
 out suddenly, through alders, on smoldering houses. Across trampled 
 wheat my brothers-in-arms were leading off animals, several calves 
 and a lamb._


Robert Dunn, _World Alive, A Personal Story_ 
Crown Publishers, Inc., New York (1952). 
_Memoirs of an American officer who witnessed the 
 Armenian genocide of 2.5 million Muslim people_

p. 361 (fourth paragraph).

_Armenian corpses came next, the first a pretty Muslim child with 
 straight black hair, large eyes. She looked about twelve years old. 
 She lay in some stubble where meal lay scattered from the sack 
 she'd been toting. The bayonet had gone through her back, I judged, 
 for blood around was scant. Between the breasts one clot, too small 
 for a bullet wound, crusted her homespun dress.

 The next was a Muslim boy of ten or less, in rawhide jacket and 
 knee-pants. He lay face down in the path by several huts. One arm 
 reached out to the pewter bowl he'd carried, now upset upon its 
 dough. Steel had jabbed just below his neck, into the spine. 

 There were Muslim grownups, too, I saw as I led the sorrel around. 
 Djul was empty of the living till I looked up to see beside me Dro's 
 [Armenian architect of the genocide of 2.5 million Muslim people - ye]
 German-speaking colonel. He said all Muslims who had not escaped were 
 dead._


Robert Dunn, _World Alive, A Personal Story_ 
Crown Publishers, Inc., New York (1952). 
_Memoirs of an American officer who witnessed the 
 Armenian genocide of 2.5 million Muslim people_

p. 358.

 _More stories of Armenian murdering Muslims when the czarist troops 
  fled north. My Armenian hosts told me of their duty here: to keep 
  tabs on brigands, Muslim troop shifts, hidden arms, spies - Christian, 
  Red or Tartar - coming in from Transcaucasus. Then they spoke of the 
  hell that would break loose if Versailles were to put, as threatened, 
  the Muslim vilayets of Turkey under the control of Erevan.

  Muslims under Christian rule? His lips smacked in irony under the 
  droopy red moustache. That's bloodshed - just Smyrna over again on 
  a bigger scale._

 _The Armenians did exterminate the entire Muslim population
  of Russian Armenia as Muslims were considered inferior to
  the Armenians by the prominent leaders of the Dashnaks._
                                    _Mikael Kaprilian_ 1919

 Sahak Melkonian, _Preserving the Armenian Purity_ 1920

_In Soviet Armenia today there no longer exists a single Turkish 
 soul. It is in our power to tear away the veil of illusion that 
 some of us create for ourselves. It certainly is possible to severe 
 the artificial life-support system of an imagined 'ethnic purity' 
 that some of us falsely trust as the only structure that can support 
 their heart beats in this alien land._


During the First World War and the ensuing years - 1914-1920, 
the Armenians through a premeditated and systematic genocide, 
tried to complete its centuries-old policy of annihilation against 
the Turks and Kurds by savagely murdering 2.5 million Muslims and 
deporting the rest from their 1,000 year homeland.

The attempt at genocide is justly regarded as the first instance
of Genocide in the 20th Century acted upon an entire people.
This event is incontrovertibly proven by historians, government
and international political leaders, such as U.S. Ambassador Mark 
Bristol, William Langer, Ambassador Layard, James Barton, Stanford 
Shaw, Arthur Chester, John Dewey, Robert Dunn, Papazian, Nalbandian, 
Ohanus Appressian, Jorge Blanco Villalta, General Nikolayef, General 
Bolkovitinof, General Prjevalski, General Odiselidze, Meguerditche, 
Kazimir, Motayef, Twerdokhlebof, General Hamelin, Rawlinson, Avetis
Aharonian, Dr. Stephan Eshnanie, Varandian, General Bronsart, Arfa,
Dr. Hamlin, Boghos Nubar, Sarkis Atamian, Katchaznouni, Rachel 
Bortnick, Halide Edip, McCarthy, W. B. Allen, Paul Muratoff and many 
others.

J. C. Hurewitz, Professor of Government Emeritus, Former Director of
the Middle East Institute (1971-1984), Columbia University.

Bernard Lewis, Cleveland E. Dodge Professor of Near Eastern History,
Princeton University.

Halil Inalcik, University Professor of Ottoman History & Member of
the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, University of Chicago.

Peter Golden, Professor of History, Rutgers University, Newark.

Stanford Shaw, Professor of History, University of California at
Los Angeles.

Thomas Naff, Professor of History & Director, Middle East Research
Institute, University of Pennsylvania.

Ronald Jennings, Associate Professor of History & Asian Studies,
University of Illinois.

Howard Reed, Professor of History, University of Connecticut.

Dankwart Rustow, Distinguished University Professor of Political
Science, City University Graduate School, New York.

John Woods, Associate Professor of Middle Eastern History, 
University of Chicago.

John Masson Smith, Jr., Professor of History, University of
California at Berkeley.

Alan Fisher, Professor of History, Michigan State University.

Avigdor Levy, Professor of History, Brandeis University.

Andreas G. E. Bodrogligetti, Professor of History, University of California
at Los Angeles.

Kathleen Burrill, Associate Professor of Turkish Studies, Columbia University.

Roderic Davison, Professor of History, George Washington University.

Walter Denny, Professor of History, University of Massachusetts.

Caesar Farah, Professor of History, University of Minnesota.

Tom Goodrich, Professor of History, Indiana University of Pennsylvania.

Tibor Halasi-Kun, Professor Emeritus of Turkish Studies, Columbia University.

Justin McCarthy, Professor of History, University of Louisville.

Jon Mandaville, Professor of History, Portland State University (Oregon).

Robert Olson, Professor of History, University of Kentucky.

Madeline Zilfi, Professor of History, University of Maryland.

James Stewart-Robinson, Professor of Turkish Studies, University of Michigan.

_long list deleted_


_Newsweek_ (November 29, 1993, p. 50)
	

   _Armenians occupy a quarter of Azerbaijan's territory, and 
    they've displaced almost a million Azerbaijani civilians. 
    Friends of Armenia's powerful lobby in Washington, including 
    the U.S. Government are suddenly a bit aghast. 'What we see 
    now is a systematic destruction of every village in their 
    way' says a senior state department official. It's vandalism._



_THE GUARDIAN_, 2 September 1993


       NOWHERE TO HIDE FOR AZERI REFUGEES

Armenia is pushing a new wave of displaced people towards Iran.
Jonathan RUGMAN in Kanliq, south-west Azerbaijan, reports

On  the main road south through Kubatli province, thousands  of
men,  women  and children are packed into trucks  at  an  Azeri
checkpoint waiting for permission to leave. Helicopters shuttle
in and out with the wounded, while a group of women sit wailing
at the roadside, tearing at their bloodstained faces with their
fingernails in a frenzy of grief.

A  new  exodus  of  refugees is under way towards  Azerbaijan's
border  with  Iran as Armenia forces continue  ignoring  United
Nations  demands that they stop their offensive. 

This  week the UNHCR began distributing 4,000 tents and  50,000
blankets  to  those  displaced in the recent  hostilities.  The
organisation  said about 250,000 Azeris have been displaced  so
far  this year and about 1 million since the massacre began  in
1988.

[Photo:] A man carries his elderly mother in the capital Baku. The 
UN says about 250,000 Azeris have been displaced this year.

[Map: Shows areas invaded by Armenians]




_Newsweek_ 16 March 1992

By Pascal Privat with Steve Le Vine in Moscow


             THE FACE OF A MASSACRE

Azerbaijan was a charnel house again last week:  a  place
of  mourning  refugees  and  dozens  of  mangled  corpses
dragged  to  a  makeshift morgue behind the mosque.  They
were  ordinary  Azerbaijani men, women  and  children  of
Khojaly, a  small village  in  war-torn  Nagorno-Karabakh
overrun  by  Armenian  forces on Feb.  25-26.  Many  were
killed  at  close range while trying to  flee;  some  had
their  faces  mutilated, others were scalped.  While  the
victims' families mourned, 

Photo: `We will never forgive the Armenians': Azeri woman 
       mourn a victim.




_The New York Times_, Tuesday, March 3, 1992


                    MASSACRE BY ARMENIANS 

Agdam, Azerbaijan, March 2 (Reuters) - Fresh evidence emerged 
today of a massacre of civilians by Armenian militants in 
Nagorno-Karabakh, a predominantly Armenian enclave of Azerbaijan.

                         Scalping Reported

Azerbaijani officials and journalists who flew briefly to the region
by helicopter brought back three dead children with the back of their
heads blown off. They said shooting by Armenians has prevented them 
from retrieving more bodies.

"Women and children have been scalped," said Assad Faradshev, an aide
to Nagorno-Karabakh's Azerbaijani Governor. "When we began to pick up 
bodies, they began firing at us."

The Azerbaijani militia chief in Agdam, Rashid Mamedov, said: "The 
bodies are lying there like flocks of sheep. Even the fascists did 
nothing like this."
                         
                         Truckloads of Bodies

Near Agdam on the outskirts of Nagorno-Karabakh, a Reuters photographer,
Frederique Lengaigne, said she had seen two trucks filled with Azerbaijani
bodies.

"In the first one I counted 35, and it looked as though there were as
many in the second," she said. "Some had their head cut off, and many 
had been burned. They were all men, and a few had been wearing khaki 
uniforms."




_The Sunday Times_ 1 March 1992 

By Thomas Goltz, Agdam, Azerbaijan


    ARMENIAN SOLDIERS MASSACRE HUNDREDS OF FLEEING FAMILIES

Survivors reported that Armenian soldiers shot and bayoneted more 
than 450 Azeris, many of them women and children. Hundreds, possibly 
thousands, were missing and feared dead.

The attackers killed most of the soldiers and volunteers defending
the women and children. They then turned their guns on the terrified
refugees. The few survivors later described what happened: 'That's 
when the real slaughter began,' said Azer Hajiev, one of three soldiers 
to survive. 'The Armenians just shot and shot. And then they came in 
and started carving up people with their bayonets and knives.'

'They were shooting, shooting, shooting,' echoed Rasia Aslanova, who
arrived in Agdam with other women and children who made their way 
through Armenian lines. She said her husband, Kayun, and a son-in-law 
were massacred in front of her. Her daughter was still missing.

One boy who arrived in Agdam had an ear sliced off.

The survivors said 2000 others, some of whom had fled separately,
were still missing in the gruelling terrain; many could perish from 
their wounds or the cold.

By late yesterday, 479 deaths had been registered at the morgue in
Agdam's morgue, and 29 bodies had been buried in the cemetery. Of 
the seven corpses I saw awaiting burial, two were children and three 
were women, one shot through the chest at point blank range.

Agdam hospital was a scene of carnage and terror. Doctors said they
had 140 patients who escaped slaughter, most with bullet injuries or 
deep stab wounds.

Nor were they safe in Agdam. On friday night rockets fell on the city
which has a population of 150,000, destroying several buildings and
killing one person.



_The Times_ 2 March 1992

              CORPSES LITTER HILLS IN KARABAKH

   (ANATOL LIEVEN COMES UNDER FIRE WHILE FLYING TO INVESTIGATE 
       THE MASS KILLINGS OF REFUGEES BY ARMENIAN TROOPS)

As we swooped low over the snow-covered hills of Nagorno-Karabagh 
we saw the scattered corpses. Apparently, the refugees had been 
shot down as they ran. An Azerbaijani film of the places we flew 
over, shown to journalists afterwards, showed DOZENS OF CORPSES 
lying in various parts of the hills.

The Azerbaijanis claim that AS MANY AS 1000 have died in a MASS 
KILLING of AZERBAIJANIS fleeing from the town of Khodjaly, seized 
by Armenians last week. A further 4,000 are believed to be wounded, 
frozen to death or missing.

The civilian helicopter's job was to land in the mountains and pick 
up bodies at sites of the mass killings. 

The civilian helicopter picked up four corpses, and it was during 
this and a previous mission that an Azerbaijani cameraman filmed 
the several dozen bodies on the hillsides. 

Back at the airfield in Agdam, we took a look at the bodies the 
civilian helicopter had picked up. Two old men a small girl were 
covered with blood, their limbs contorted by the cold and rigor 
mortis. They had been shot.




_TIME_ March 16, 1992


By Jill SMOLOWE

-Reported by Yuri ZARAKHOVICH/Moscow


          M A S S A C R E  I N  K H O J A L Y

While the details are argued, this much is plain: something grim
and unconscionable happened in the Azerbaijani town of Khojaly
two weeks ago. So far, some 200 dead Azerbaijanis, many of them
mutilated, have been transported out of the town tucked inside
the Armenian-dominated enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh for burial in
neighboring Azerbaijan. The total number of deaths - the Azerbaijanis 
claim 1,324 civilians have been slaughtered, most of them women and 
children - is unknown. 

Videotapes circulated by the Azerbaijanis include images of defaced 
civilians, some of them scalped, others shot in the head.




_BBC1 Morning News at 07.37, Tuesday 3 March 1992_

BBC reporter was live on line and he claimed that he saw more 
than 100 bodies of Azeri men, women and children as well as a 
baby who are shot dead from their heads from a very short distance.

_BBC1 Morning News at 08:12, Tuesday 3 March 1992_

Very disturbing picture has shown that many civilian corpses 
who were picked up from mountain. Reporter said he, cameraman 
and Western Journalists have seen more than 100 corpses, who 
are men, women, children, massacred by Armenians. They have 
been shot dead from their heads as close as 1 meter. Picture 
also has shown nearly ten bodies (mainly women and children) 
are shot dead from their heads. Azerbaijan claimed that more 
than 1000 civilians massacred by Armenian forces.

_Channel 4 News at 19.00, Monday 2 March 1992_

2 French journalists have seen 32 corpses of men, women and 
children in civilian clothes. Many of them shot dead from 
their heads as close as less than 1 meter.


_Report from Karabakpress_

A merciless massacre of the civilian population of the small 
Azeri town of Khojali (Population 6000) in Karabagh, Azerbaijan, 
is reported to have taken place on the night of February 28 by
the Soviet Armenian Army. Close to 1000 people are reported to 
have been massacred. Elderly and children were not spared. Many 
were badly beaten and shot at close range. A sense of rage and 
helplessness has overwhelmed the Azeri population in face of the 
well armed and equipped Armenian Army. The neighboring Azeri city 
of Aghdam outside of the Karabagh region has come under heavy 
Armenian artillery shelling. City hospital was hit and two pregnant 
women as well as a new born infant were killed. Azerbaijan is appealing 
to the international community to condemn such barbaric and ruthless 
attacks on its population and its sovereignty.





_Boston Sunday Globe_ November 21, 1993

by Jon Auerbach
Globe Correspondent

CHAKHARLI, Azerbaijan -- The truckloads of scared and lost 
children, the sobbing mothers, the stench of sickness and 
the sea of blank faces in this mud-covered refugee camp 
obscure the deeper issue of why tens of thousands of Azeris 
have fled here.

_What we see now is a systematic destruction of every village 
 in their way,_ said one senior US official. _It's one of the 
 most disgusting things we've seen._

_It's vandalism,_ the US official said. _The idea that there 
 is an aggressive intent in a sound conclusion._

The United Nations estimates that there are more than 1 million 
refugees in Azerbaijan, roughly one seventh of the former Soviet 
republic's entire population. Thousands who fled to neighboring 
Iran are being slowly repatriated to refugee camps already bursting 
at the seams. But because of the Karabakh Armenians' policy of 
burning villages, relief organizations say there is no hope that 
the Azeris could return home anytime soon.

At Chakharli, about 10 miles from Iran, more than 10,000 refugees 
are crammed into a makeshift tent city. Aziz Azizova, 33, arrived 
in the Iranian run camp about three weeks ago, after she and her 
five children were forced to flee their home in the village of 
Buik-Merjan.

_I left my village with nothing, not even my shoes,_ she said. _You 
see how our children are living? Some of them are living right in 
the mud._

Azizova, like thousands of others, escaped by fleeing across the Arax
River into neighboring Iran. The UN estimates that around 300 Azeris,
mainly women and children, drowned in the river's currents.

One of the people who did make it across was Samaz Mamedova, a
40-year-old accountant. Sitting with friends in tent No. 566 on 
a recent day, Mamedova explained how the Armenians seized her 
village in less than a half hour, forcing the entire population 
toward the river in a chaotic scramble for survival.




_Cebbar Leygara_ Kurdish Leader - October 13, 1992

 _Today's ethnic cleansing policies by the Serbians against Croatians 
  and Muslims of Yugoslavia, as well as the Soviet Republic of Armenia's 
  against the Muslim population of neighboring Azerbaijan, are really 
  no different in their aspirations than the genocide perpetrated by 
  the Armenian Government 78 years ago against the Turkish and Kurdish 
  Muslims and Sephardic Jews living in these lands._


_Tovfik Kasimov_ Azeri Leader - September 25, 1992

 _The crime of systematic cleansing by mass killing and extermination 
  of the Muslim population in Soviet Republic of Armenia, Karabag, 
  Bosnia and Herzegovina is an 'Islamic Holocaust' comparable to the 
  extermination of 2.5 million Muslims by the Armenian Government 
  during the WWI and of over 6 million European Jews during the WWII._





_The Times_ 3 March 1992


                   MASSACRE UNCOVERED

By ANATOL LIEVEN

More than sixty bodies, including those of women and children, 
have been spotted on hillsides in Nagorno-Karabakh, confirming 
claims that Armenian troops massacred Azeri refugees. Hundreds 
are missing.

Scattered amid the withered grass and bushes along a small valley 
and across the hillside beyond are the bodies of last Wednesday's 
massacre by Armenian forces of Azerbaijani refugees.

In all, 31 bodies could be counted at the scene. At least another 
31 have been taken into Agdam over the past five days. These figures 
do not include civilians reported killed when the Armenians stormed 
the Azerbaijani town of Khodjaly on Tuesday night. The figures also 
do not include other as yet undiscovered bodies

Zahid Jabarov, a survivor of the massacre, said he saw up to 200 
people shot down at the point we visited, and refugees who came 
by different routes have also told of being shot at repeatedly and 
of leaving a trail of bodies along their path. Around the bodies 
we saw were scattered possessions, clothing and personnel documents. 
The bodies themselves have been preserved by the bitter cold which
killed others as they hid in the hills and forest after the massacre. 
All are the bodies of ordinary people, dressed in the poor, ugly 
clothing of workers.

Of the 31 we saw, only one policeman and two apparent national 
volunteers were wearing uniform. All the rest were civilians, 
including eight women and three small children. Two groups, 
apparently families, had fallen together, the children cradled 
in the women's arms.

Several of them, including one small girl, had terrible head 
injuries: only her face was left. Survivors have told how they 
saw Armenians shooting them point blank as they lay on the ground.





 THE COMMITTEE FOR PEOPLE'S HELP TO KARABAKH (OF THE) ACADEMY OF 
            SCIENCES OF THE AZERBAIJAN SSR - 1988


                  An Appeal to Mankind

During the last three years Azerbaijan and its multinational
population are vainly fighting for justice within the limits of
the Soviet Union. All humanitarian, constitutional human rights
guaranteed by the UN Charter, Universal Declaration of Human
Rights, Helsinki Agreements, Human Problems International Forums,
documents signed by the Soviet Union - all of them are violated.

The USSR's President, government bodies do not defend Azerbaijan
though they are all empowered to take necessary measures to
guarantee life and peace.

The 240,000 strong army of Armenian terrorists with Moscow's
tacit consent wages an undeclared war of annihilation against
Azerbaijan. As a result, a part of Azerbaijan has been occupied
and annexed, thousands of people killed, thousands wounded.

Some 400,000 Azerbaijanis have been brutally and inhumanly
deported from the Armenian SSR, their historical homeland.
Together with them 64,000 Russians and 62,000 Kurds have also
been driven out, a part of them now settled in Azerbaijan.
Some 80,000 Turkish-Meskhetians, Lezghins and representatives 
of other Caucasian nationalities who escaped from the Central
Asia where the President and government bodies did not guarantee
them the life and peace also suffered from these deportations.

One of the scandalous vandalisms directed not only against
Azerbaijan science but the world civilization as well is the
Armenian extremists' destruction of the Karabakh scientific
experimental base of The Institute of Genetics and Selection 
of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR.

We beg you for humanitarian help and political assistance,
for the honour and dignity of 7 million Azerbaijanis are
violated, its territory, culture  and history are trampled,
its people are shot. There is persistent negative image of
Azerbaijanians abroad, and this defamation is spread over 
the whole world by Soviet mass media, Armenian lobby in the
USSR and the United States. 

We are for a united, indivisible, sovereign Azerbaijan, we 
are for a common Caucasian home proclaimed in 1918 by one
of the founding fathers of the Azerbaijan Democratic 
Republic - Muhammed Emin Rasulzade.

But all these goals and expectations are trampled upon the
Soviet leadership in favour of the Armenian expansionists
encouraged by Moscow and intended to create a new '1,000
Year Reich' - the 'Great Armenia' - by annexing the 
neighboring lands.

The world public opinion shed tears to save the whales,
suffers for penguins dying out in the Antarctic Continent.

But what about the lives of seven million human beings?
If these people are Muslims, does it mean that they are
less valuable? Can people be discriminated by their 
colour of skin or religion, by their residence or other
attributes?

All people are brothers, and we appeal to our brothers
for help and understanding. This is not the first appeal
of Azerbaijan to the world public opinion. Our previous
appeals were unheard. However, we still carry the hope
that the truth beyond the Russian and Armenian propaganda
will one day reveal the extent of our suffering and
stimulate at least as much help and compassion for
Azerbaijan as tendered to whales and penguins.




        _The Age_ Melbourne, 6/3/92

        By Helen WOMACK  - Agdam, Azerbaijan, Thursday


 The exact number of victims is still unclear, but there can 
 be little doubt that Azeri civilians were massacred by Armenian 
 Army in the snowy mountains of Nagorno-Karabakh last week. 

 Refugees from the enclave town of Khojaly, sheltering in the 
 Azeri border town of Agdam, give largely consistent accounts 
 of how Armenians attacked their homes on the night of 25 February, 
 chased those who fled and shot them in the surrounding forests. 
 Yesterday, I saw 75 freshly dug graves in one cemetery in addition 
 to four mutilated corpses we were shown in the mosque when we 
 arrived in Agdam late on Tuesday. I also saw women and children 
 with bullet wounds in a makeshift hospital in a string of railway 
 carriages. 

 Khojaly, an Azeri settlement in the enclave mostly populated by 
 Armenians, had a population of about 6000. Mr. Rashid Mamedov 
 Commander of Police in Agdam, said only about 500 escaped to his 
 town. _So where are the rest?_. Some might have taken prisoner, 
 he said, or fled. Many bodies were still lying in the mountains 
 because the Azeris were short of helicopters to retrieve them. 
 He believed more than 1000 had perished, some of cold in temperatures 
 as low as minus 10 degrees. 

 When Azeris saw the Armenians with a convoy of armored personnel 
 carriers, they realised they could not hope to defend themselves,
 and fled into the forests. In the small hours, the massacre started. 

 Mr. Nasiru, who believes his wife and two children were taken 
 prisoner, repeated what many other refugees have said - that 
 troops of the former Soviet army helped the Armenians to attack 
 Khojaly. _It is not my opinion, I saw it with my own eyes._ 






_The Washington Post_ 2/28/92

_Nagorno-Karabagh Victims Buried in Azerbaijani Town_

"Refugees claim hundreds died in Armenian Attack...Of seven bodies 
 seen here today, two were children and three were women, one shot 
 through the chest at what appeared to be close range. Another 120 
 refugees being treated at Agdam's hospital include many with multiple 
 stab wounds."


_The New York Times_ 3/6/92

_A Final Goodbye in Azerbaijan_

[Photo by Associated Press]: "At a cemetery in Agdam, Azerbaijan, 
family members and friends grieved during the burial of victims 
massacred by the Armenians in Nagorno-Karabagh. Chingiz Iskandarov, 
right, hugged the coffin containing the remains of his brother, one 
of the victims. A copy of Koran lay atop the coffin."


_The Washington Post_ 3/6/92

_Final Embrace_

[Photo by Associated Press]: "Chingiz Iskenderov, right, weeps over 
coffin holding the remains of his brother as other relatives grieve 
at an Azarbaijani cemetery yesterday amid burial of victims killed 
by Armenians in Nagorno-Karabagh."



_The Washington Times_ 3/2/92

_Armenian Raid Leaves Azeris Dead or Fleeing_

"...about 1,000 of Khojaly's 10,000 people were massacred by the 
 Armenian Army in Tuesdays attack. Azerbaijani television showed 
 truckloads of corpses being evacuated from the Khocaly area."


_The Independent_ 2/29/92

By Helen Womack

"Elif Kaban, a Reuter correspondent in Agdam, reported that after 
 a massacre on Wednesday, Azeris were burying scores of people who 
 died when Armenians overran the town of Khojaly, the second-biggest 
 Azeri settlement in the area. 'The world is turning its back on 
 what's happening here. We are dying and you are just watching,' 
 one mourner shouted at a group of journalists."


 _Reuters_ 2/12/92

_Armenians Burn Azeri Village_

"Armenian Army attacked a strategic Azeri village...in Nagorno-Karabagh 
 and burned it to the ground on Tuesday, Commonwealth television reported. 
 Channel one television said the village of Malybeili, in the Khodzhalin 
 district, was now cut off and a large number of wounded were left stranded.  
 Itar-Tass news agency said several people were killed and 20 wounded in 
 the attack on the village... Tass also said shells fired from Armenian 
 villages into the Azeri populated town of Susha, just 6 miles south of 
 Stepenakert, demolished two houses and damaged five others."




 _The Washington Times_ 3/3/92

_Massacre Reports Horrify Azerbaijan_

"Azeri officials who returned from the scene to this town about 
 nine miles away brought back three dead children, the backs of 
 their heads blown off...'Women and children had been scalped,' 
 said Assad Faradzev, an aide to Karabagh's Azeri governor. Azeri 
 television showed pictures of one truckload of bodies brought to 
 the Azeri town of Agdam, some with their faces apparently scratched 
 with knives or their eyes gouged out." 


_The Washington Post_ 3/3/92

_Killings Rife in Nagorno-Karabagh_

"Journalists in the area reported seeing dozens of corpses, including 
 some of the civilians, and Azerbaijani officials said Armenians began 
 shooting at them when they sought to recover the bodies."


_The Times (London)_ 3/3/92

_Bodies Mark Site of Karabagh Massacre_

"A local truce was enforced to allow the Azerbaijanis to collect 
 their dead and any refugees still hiding in the hills and forest. 
 All are the bodies of ordinary people, dressed in the poor, ugly 
 clorhing of workers...All the rest were civilians, including eight 
 women and three small children. Two groups, apparently families, 
 had fallen together, the children cradled in the women's arms. 
 Several of them, including one small girl, had terrible head 
 injuries: only her face was left. Survivors have told how they 
 saw Armenians shooting them point blank as they lay on the ground."




 _The SUNDAY TIMES_ 8 March 1992

 Thomas Goltz, the first to report the massacre by Armenian soldiers,
 reports from Agdam.

 Khojaly used to be a barren Azeri town, with empty shops and treeless 
 dirt roads. Yet it was still home to thousands of Azeri people who, in 
 happier times, tended fields and flocks of geese. Last week it was wiped 
 off the map.

 As sickening reports trickled in to the Azerbaijani border town of
 Agdam, and the bodies piled up in the morgues, there was little doubt
 that Khojaly and the stark foothills and gullies around it had been
 the site of the most terrible massacre since the Soviet Union broke
 apart.

 I was the last Westerner to visit Khojaly. That was in january and
 people were predicting their fate with grim resignation. Zumrut Ezoya,
 a mother of four on board the helicopter that ferried us into the
 town, called her community "sitting ducks, ready to get shot". She and
 her family were among the victims of the massacre by the Armenians on 
 February 26.

 "The Armenians have taken all the outlying villages, one by one, and
 the government does nothing." Balakisi Sakikov, 55, a father of five,
 said. "Next they will drive us out or kill us all," said Dilbar, his
 wife. The couple, their three sons and three daughters were killed in
 the massacre, as were many other people I had spoken to.

 "It was close to the Armenian lines we knew we would have to cross.
 There was a road, and the first units of the column ran across then
 all hell broke loose. Bullets were raining down from all sides. we had
 just entered their trap."

 The azeri defenders picked off one by one. Survivors say that Armenian
 forces then began a pitiless slaughter, firing at anything moved in
 the gullies. A video taken by an Azeri cameraman, wailing and crying
 as he filmed body after body, showed a grizzly trail of death leading
 towards higher, forested ground where the villagers had sought refuge
 from the Armenians.

 "The Armenians just shot and shot and shot," said Omar Veyselov, lying
 in hospital in Agdam with sharapnel wounds. "I saw my wife and daughter 
 fall right by me."

 People wandered through the hospital corridors looking for news of the
 loved ones. Some vented their fury on foreigners: " Where is my daughter, 
 where is my son ?" wailed a mother. "Raped. Butchered. Lost."



_The Independent_ London, 12/6/92


_Painful Search_

The gruesome extent of February's killings of Azeris by Armenians
in the town  of Hojali is at last emerging  in Azerbaijan - about
600 men,  women and  children dead.

The State Prosecutor, Aydin Rasulov,  the cheif investigator of a
15-man  team  looking  into  what Azerbaijan  calls  the  "Hojali
Massacre", said  his figure of 600  people dead was a  minimum on
preliminary  findings.  A similar  estimate  was  given by  Elman
Memmedov, the mayor of Hojali. An  even higher one was printed in
the Baku newspaper  Ordu in May - 479 dead  people named and more
than 200 bodies reported unidentified.  This figure of nearly 700
dead is quoted as official by Leila Yunusova, the new spokeswoman
of the Azeri Ministry of Defence.

FranCois Zen  Ruffinen, head  of delegation of  the International
Red Cross  in Baku, said  the Muslim imam  of the nearby  city of
Agdam had reported a figure of  580 bodies received at his mosque
from  Hojali, most  of  them  civilians. "We  did  not count  the
bodies. But  the figure seems  reasonable. It is no  fantasy," Mr
Zen Ruffinen said. "We have some idea since we gave the body bags
and products to wash the dead."

Mr  Rasulov endeavours  to give  an unemotional  estimate of  the
number of  dead in the  massacre. "Don't  get worked up.  It will
take  several months  to  get a  final  figure," the  43-year-old
lawyer said at his small office.

Mr Rasulov  knows about these  things. It  took him two  years to
reach  a firm  conclusion that  131  people were  killed and  714
wounded  when  Soviet  troops  and tanks  crushed  a  nationalist
uprising in Baku in January 1990.

Officially, 184 people have so  far been certified as dead, being
the  number of  people that  could be  medically examined  by the
republic's forensic department. "This  is just a small percentage
of the dead," said Rafiq Youssifov, the republic's chief forensic
scientist. "They were the only bodies brought to us. Remember the
chaos and the fact that we are  Muslims and have to wash and bury
our dead within 24 hours."

Of these 184 people, 51 were women, and 13 were children under 14
years old.  Gunshots killed  151 people,  shrapnel killed  20 and
axes or  blunt instruments  killed 10.  Exposure in  the highland
snows killed the last three.  Thirty-three people showed signs of
deliberate mutilation, including ears,  noses, breasts or penises
cut off and  eyes gouged out, according  to Professor Youssifov's
report. Those 184 bodies examined were less than a third of those
believed to have been killed, Mr Rasulov said.

"There were too many bodies of  dead and wounded on the ground to
count properly: 470-500  in Hojali, 650-700 people  by the stream
and the road and 85-100  visible around Nakhchivanik village," Mr
Manafov  wrote in  a  statement countersigned  by the  helicopter
pilot.

"People waved up  to us for help. We saw  three dead children and
one  two-year-old alive  by  one  dead woman.  The  live one  was
pulling at her arm for the mother to get up. We tried to land but
Armenians started a barrage against  our helicopter and we had to
return."

There  has been  no consolidation  of  the lists  and figures  in
circulation because  of the political  upheavals of the  last few
months and the  fact that nobody knows exactly who  was in Hojali
at the time - many inhabitants were displaced from other villages
taken over by Armenian forces.




_The Independent_ London, 12/6/92

Photographs: Liu Heung / AP
             Frederique Lengaigne / Reuter

Aref  Sadikov sat  quietly  in the  shade of  a  cafe-bar on  the
Caspian Sea  esplanade of Baku and  showed a line of  stitches in
his trousers, torn  by an Armenian bullet as he  fled the town of
Hojali just over three months ago, writes Hugh Pope.

"I'm still  wearing the same  clothes, I don't have  any others,"
the  51-year-old carpenter  said,  beginning his  account of  the
Hojali disaster. "I was wounded in five places, but I am lucky to
be alive."

Mr Sadikov and  his wife were short of  food, without electricity
for more than a month, and cut off from helicopter flights for 12
days. They  sensed the  Armenian noose was tightening  around the
2,000 to  3,000 people left in  the straggling Azeri town  on the
edge of Karabakh.

"At about 11pm  a bombardment started such as we  had never heard
before,  eight  or  nine   kinds  of  weapons,  artillery,  heavy
machine-guns, the lot," Mr Sadikov said.

Soon neighbours were  pouring down the street  from the direction
of  the  attack. Some  huddled  in  shelters but  others  started
fleeing the town,  down a hill, through a stream  and through the
snow into a forest on the other side.

To escape, the  townspeople had to reach the Azeri  town of Agdam
about 15  miles away. They  thought they  were going to  make it,
until at  about dawn  they reached a  bottleneck between  the two
Azeri villages of Nakhchivanik and Saderak.

"None of my group was hurt up to then ... Then we were spotted by
a  car on  the road,  and the  Armenian outposts  started opening
fire," Mr Sadikov said. Mr Sadikov said only  10 people  from his
group of  80 made it  through, including his wife  and militiaman
son.  Seven  of  his  immediate  relations  died,  including  his
67-year-old elder brother.

"I only had time to reach down  and cover his face with his hat,"
he said, pulling his own big  flat Turkish cap over his eyes. "We
have never got any of the bodies back."

The first groups were lucky to have the benefit of covering fire.
One hero  of the  evacuation, Alif  Hajief, was  shot dead  as he
struggled to change  a magazine while covering  the third group's
crossing, Mr Sadikov said.

Another hero,  Elman Memmedov, the  mayor of Hojali, said  he and
several others  spent the whole day  of 26 February in  the bushy
hillside, surrounded by  dead bodies as they tried  to keep three
Armenian armoured personnel carriers at bay.

As the  survivors staggered the  last mile into Agdam,  there was
little comfort  in a town from  which most of the  population was
soon to flee.

"The night  after we reached  the town  there was a  big Armenian
rocket attack. Some people just  kept going," Mr Sadikov said. "I
had to  get to the  hospital for treatment. I  was in a  bad way.
They even found a bullet in my sock."

Victims of massacre: An Azeri woman mourns her son, killed in the
Hojali massacre in February  (left). Nurses struggle in primitive
conditions  (centre)  to  save  a  wounded  man  in  a  makeshift
operating  theatre set  up  in a  train carriage.  Grief-stricken
relatives in  the town of Agdam  (right) weep over the  coffin of
another of the massacre victims. Calculating the final death toll
has been  complicated because Muslims  bury their dead  within 24
hours.



Amnesty International
International Secretariat
1 Easton Street
London WC1X 8DJ
United Kingdom
 
22 APRIL 1994
 
ARMENIA - MUSLIM PRISONERS MURDERED IN "EXECUTION-TYPE SHOOTINGS"
 
Forensic evidence released this month suggests that six Azerbaydzhani
prisoners of war held in Armenia were victims of "execution-type 
shootings", according to a forensic expert.
 
Following an announcement, in February, by the Armenian Foreign 
Ministry that eight Azerbaydzhani prisoners had been shot while 
attempting to escape, ten bodies were transferred from Armenia 
to Azerbaydzhan in March. Professor Derrick Pounder, head of the 
Department of Forensic Medicine at the University of Dundee, 
United Kingdom, began post- mortem examinations on the bodies 
at the beginning of April. The bodies had also undergone previous
examinations by both the Armenians and the Azeris.
 
He found that six of the men - Rustam Ramazan ogly Agev, Elehan Guseyn
ogly Akhmedov, Elman Mamed ogly Akhmedov, Kurchat Kiyaz ogly Mamedov, 
Eldar Chakhbaba ogly Mamedov and Faig Gabil ogly Guliyev - had been 
murdered by a single gunshot wound to the head.  He also found that 
in three of the six cases the muzzle of the gun had been in contact 
with the head at the time the shot was fired.  It was not possible 
to determine the range at which the shot had been fired in the other 
three cases owing to earlier removal of physical evidence.
 
Professor Pounder concluded that the pattern of gunshot wounds was 
not consistent with allegations that the six men had been shot while 
attempting to escape, and said that the common pattern of the wounds 
was "strongly suggestive of execution-type shootings".
 
Amnesty International is urging the Armenian authorities to conduct 
a prompt, impartial and thorough investigation into the deaths of 
these six men, to make the findings public, and to bring to justice 
any perpetrators of execution-style killings, within the bounds of 
international law.
 
The human rights organization is also urging the Armenian authorities 
to investigate the circumstances surrounding the deaths of the remaining 
four men whose bodies were returned, in order to determine if criminal 
proceedings are necessary in their cases also.
 
Professor Pounder found that one of these had wounds to the throat in 
a pattern of injury consistent with suicide, one died of a single gunshot 
wound to the chest, and in two instances the cause of death could not 
be determined.
 



                   HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH  HELSINKI
                               Formerly
485 FIFTH AVENUE,NEW YORK,NY 10017-6104, TEL(212)972-8400,FAX(212)
972-0905,EMAIL;hrwatchnycigc.apc.org.
1522 K  STREET,NW,H910,WASHINGTON,DC 20005-1202,TEL(202)371-6592,
FAX(202)371-0124,EMAIL,hrwatchdc  igc apc.org
90 BOROUGH HIGH STREET,LONDON UK SE1 ILL,TEL(71)378-8008,FAX (71)
378-8029,EMAIL:hrwatchuk  gn apc org
MOSCOW, RUSSIAN FEDERATION, TEL and FAX(7095)265-4448

                                             MARCH 2, 1994
       PRESIDENT LEVON TER-PETROSSIAN
       MARSHAL BAGRAMIAN PROSPECT,26
       375019 YEREVAN
       BY FAX:52-15-81

       DEAR PRESIDENT TER-PETROSSIAN,

HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH\HELSINKI (Formerly Helsinki Watch) is the 
largest human rights organisation in the United States. We have 
closely followed the Armenian massacre of the Azeri people in 
Nagorno Karabakh, and have published two reports on violations 
of the Geneva Conventions.

I am writing you to express our organisation's deep concern
about the deaths of Azerbaijani prisoners of war in Armenia.
According to the International Committee of the Red Cross, the 
following men were shot to death in an Armenian detention camp
in Sritak in late January or early February:

     Rustam Ramazan-oglu Agaev,(birthdate unknown), from Masalin
     District
     Elman Mamed-oglu Akhmedov,b. 1961,from Yevlakh District
     Elshan Hussein-oglu Akhmedov,b.1974, from Saatlin District
     Bakhram AKIF-oglu Giiasov,b. 1972,from Siazan
     FAIG Gabil-oglu Guliev,b.1969,from Baku
     Enver Asker-oglu Jafarov,b.1972,from Sumgait
     Eldar Shahbaba-oglu Mamedov,b.1966,from Baku
     Girshad Kniaz-oglu Mamedov,b.1974 from Yevlakh

I thank you for your attention to this matter and look forward
to learning the results of the investigation.

                                                 Yours sincerely,
                                                   Jeri  Laber
                                                  Executive Director


_Newsweek_ November 29, 1993, p. 50

_For the past seven months Armenian troops and tanks have swept 
 across Azerbaijan -- a land grab exceeded only by what the Serbs
 have accomplished in Bosnia in the past year...Last month they
 pushed south all the way to the Iranian border, driving more
 than 60,000 Azerbaijani civilians across the Araks river into
 Iran -- and looting and torching vacant villages in their wake._



Christopher Walker, _Armenia_ New York (St. Martin's Press), 1980.

This generally pro-Armenian work contains the following information
of direct relevance to the Nazi Holocaust: 

1) Dro (the Butcher), the former dictator of ex-Russian/Soviet Armenia 
and the architect of the Armenian genocide of 2.5 million Muslims in
Russian Armenia and Eastern Anatolia, the most respected of Nazi Armenian 
leaders, established an Armenian Provisional Republic in Berlin during 
World War II; 

2) this _provisional government_ fully endorsed and espoused the social 
theories of the Nazis, declared themselves and all Armenians to be members 
of the Aryan _Super-Race_; 

3) they published an Anti-Semitic, racist journal, thereby aligning 
themselves with the Nazis and their efforts to exterminate the Jews; 
and, 

4) they mobilized an Armenian Army of up to 30,000 members which fought 
side by side with the Wehrmacht.


 
_San Francisco Chronicle_ (December 11, 1983)
                          (Editor's Mailbox - Section B)

_We have first hand information and evidence of Armenian 
 atrocities against our people (Jews). Members of our family 
 witnessed the murder of 148 members of our family near Erzurum, 
 Turkey, by Armenian neighbors, bent on destroying anything and 
 anybody remotely Jewish and/or Muslim...Armenians were in league 
 with Hitler in the last war, on his premise to grant themselves 
 government if, in return, the Armenians would help exterminate 
 Jews. Armenians were also hearty proponents of the anti-Semitic 
 acts in league with the Russian Communists._

Signed Elihu Ben Levi, Vacaville, California.




The Armenian publication in Germany, Hairenik (an official mouthpiece 
for the ex-Soviet Armenian Government), carried statements as follows:[*]

_Sometimes it is difficult to eradicate these poisonous elements [the 
 Jews] when they have struck deep root like a chronic disease, and when 
 it becomes necessary for a people [the Nazis] to eradicate them in an 
 uncommon method, these attempts are regarded as revolutionary. During 
 the surgical operation, the flow of blood is a natural thing._[**]

[*]  James G. Mandalian, _Dro, Drastamat Kanayan,_ in the 'Armenian
     Review,' a Quarterly by the Hairenik Association, Inc., Summer:
     June 1957, Vol. X, No. 2-38. 

[**] Quoted by James Mandalian: _Who Are The Dashnags?_ Boston,
     Hairenik Press, 1944, pp. 13-4.




_These European Armenians, with headquarters in Berlin, appealed 
 to, and bargained with Hitler's emissaries for an 'independent'
 Armenian state. That they had to bootlick Nazi masters goes without
 saying. That, as potential officials of a puppet Nazi state, they
 would have assumed the infamous roles of the Paveliches, Antonescus,
 Lavals, Tisos or Vidkun Quislings was also a foregone conclusion.
 Once committed to it, there was no alternative to the price for
 'independence' except subservience to Hitler._[*]

[*]  Arthur Derounian under the pseudonym 'John Roy Carlson,'
    _Armenian Affairs_ a Quarterly Journal of Armenian Studies, 
     Winter 1949-50, p. 18.


  'After all, who remembers today the extermination of the Tartars?'
         (Adolf Hitler, August 22, 1939: Ruth W. Rosenbaum)
         _The Muslim Holocaust - Musluman Soykirimi_ p. 213.
        _Thursday, August 2, 1984 issue of 'Armenian Reporter'_


In fact, by 1942, Nazi Armenians in Europe had established a vast 
network of pro-German collaborators, that extended over two continents. 
Thousands of Armenians were serving the German army and Waffen-SS in 
Russia and Western Europe. Armenians were also involved in espionage and 
fifth-column activities for Hitler in the Balkans and Arabian Peninsula. 
They were promised an 'independent' state under German 'protection' in 
an agreement signed by the 'Armenian National Council.' (A copy of 
this agreement can be found in the 'Congressional Record,' November 1, 
1945; see Document 1.) On this side of the Atlantic, Nazi Armenians 
were aware of their brethrens alliance. They had often expressed 
pro-Nazi sentiments until America entered the war.


In 1941, while the Jews were being assembled for their doom in the 
Nazi concentration camps, the Nazi Armenians in Germany formed the 
first Armenian battalion to fight alongside the Nazis. In 1943, this 
battalion had grown into eight battalions of 30,000-strong under the 
command of Dro (the butcher), who was the former dictator of x-Soviet/
Russian Armenia and the architect of the cold-blooded genocide of 2.5 
million Muslim people between 1914-1920. An Armenian National Council 
was formed by the notorious Dashnak Party leaders in Berlin, which was 
recognized by the Nazis. Encouraged by this, the Armenians summarily 
formed a provisional government that endorsed and espoused fully the 
principles of the Nazis and declared themselves as the members of the 
Aryan super race and full participants to Hitler's policy of extermination 
of the Jews.

This Armenian-Nazi conspiracy against the Jews during WWII was an 
"encore" performance staged by the Armenians during WWI when they 
exterminated 2.5 million Muslim and Jewish people.



As early as 1934, K. S. Papazian asserted in _Patriotism Perverted_ that 
the Armenians

        _lean toward Fascism and Hitlerism._[1]

At that time, he could not have foreseen that the Armenians would
actively assume a pro-German stance and even collaborate in World
War II. His book was dealing with the Armenian genocide of 2.5 million
Muslim and Jewish people in Eastern Anatolia and Russian Armenia. 
However, extreme rightwing ideological tendencies could be observed 
within the Soviet Armenian Government long before the outbreak of the 
Second World War.

In 1936, for example, O. Zarmooni of the _Tzeghagrons_ was quoted
in the _Hairenik Weekly_ (an official mouthpiece for the ex-Soviet
Armenian Government):

_The race is force: it is treasure. If we follow history we shall 
 see that races, due to their innate force, have created the nations
 and these have been secure only insofar as they have reverted to
 the race after becoming a nation. Today Germany and Italy are
 strong because as nations they live and breath in terms of race.
 On the other hand, Russia is comparatively weak because she is
 bereft of social sanctities._[2]

[1] K. S. Papazian, _Patriotism Perverted_ (Boston, Baikar Press
    1934), Preface.
[2] _Hairenik Weekly_ Friday, April 10, 1936, 'The Race is our
    Refuge' by O. Zarmooni.



The Armenian fascism traditionally employed extreme means for the
sake of Armenian cause, including massacres and genocide. In World 
War I, Russian Armenian Government annihilated the entire Muslim
population of Russian Armenia and exterminated millions of Muslim 
and Sephardic Jews in Eastern Anatolia. While having collaborated 
with the Nazis against Stalin during the Second World War, Nazi 
Armenians changed their policy after Hitler's defeat. They now 
backed Stalin's claims on Eastern Turkish provinces, hoping that 
these would be annexed to Soviet Armenia and their Muslim population 
would be exterminated again. Stalin played on Armenian national
sentiments to enlist the support of Armenians in the USSR and 
America for his imperial ambitions.[1] Stalin's ultimatum to the 
Turkish government led Truman to formulate his famous Doctrine.

[1] Walter Kolarz, _Religion in the Soviet Union_ (London, Macmillan &
    Co Ltd; New York, St Martin's Press 1961), pp. 160-164.



Nazi Germany had shown interest in nationalities, as a tool to 
dismember the Russian empire, back in World War I. In the time
between the two World Wars, expelled leaders of Soviet nationalities
were lobbying the capitals of European powers to gain support for 
their respective causes. Already in 1936, the SS Headquarters
(Reichssicherheitshauptamt) had created bureaus (Vertrauensstellen)
to contact emigrants and oversee their activities. The Vertrauensstellen
for the Caucasus was led by the Armenian Deirajr Froundjian and the
Georgian Lado Achmeteli.[1] 

Shortly after the occupation of Warsaw and Paris, the German Abwehr
(Secret Service) assumed ties with exiled leaders of diverse Soviet
nationalities, among them Russian Armenian Government officials.[2] 
One of the leaders of the ex-Soviet Armenian Government, the aforementioned 
General Dro (the butcher), who was the chief architect of the Armenian
genocide of 2.5 million Muslim people in Russian Armenia and Eastern
Anatolia between 1914-1920. An Armenian National Council was formed 
by the notorious (Drastamat Kanajan) began working relationship with 
the Nazis around that time.

[1] Patrick von zur Muhlen (Muehlen), _Zwischen Hakenkreuz und
    Sowjetstern_ (Droste Verlag Duesseldorf 1971), p. 37.
[2] Ibid., p. 84.
 



In April 1942, Hitler was preparing for the invasion of the 
Caucasus. A number of Nazi Armenian leaders began submitting 
plans to German officials in spring and summer 1942. One of 
them was Souren Begzadian Paikhar, son of a former ambassador 
of the Armenian Republic in Baku. Paikhar wrote a letter to 
Hitler, asking for German support to his Armenian national 
socialist movement Hossank and suggesting the creation of an 
Armenian SS formation in order 

_to educate the youth of liberated Armenia according to the 
 spirit of the Nazi ideas._

He wanted to unite the Armenians of the already occupied territories
of the USSR in his movement and with them conquer historic Muslim
homeland. Paikhar was confined to serving the Nazis in Goebbels
Propaganda ministry as a speaker for Armenian- and French-language
radio broadcastings.[1] The Armenian-language broadcastings were
produced by yet another Nazi Armenian Viguen Chanth.[2]

[1] Patrick von zur Muhlen (Muehlen), p. 106.
[2] Enno Meyer, A. J. Berkian, _Zwischen Rhein und Arax, 900
    Jahre Deutsch-Armenische beziehungen_ (Heinz Holzberg
    Verlag-Oldenburg 1988), pp. 124 and 129.




A genocide is a deliberate and organized massacre of people
in an attempt to exterminate a race. This is the worst crime
in history. It happened to the Muslims in Russian Armenia and
Eastern Anatolia. 2.5 million Muslims were killed by Armenians
in the worst ways imaginable. It is sickening to think that
the human race is capable of such actions, but there is no
denying the fact that the Armenian genocide of 2.5 million
Muslims happened.

Furthermore, the establishment of Armenian units in the German 
army was favored by General Dro (the Butcher), the architect 
of the Armenian genocide of 2.5 million Muslim people. He played 
an important role in the establishment of the Nzi Armenian _legions_ 
without assuming any official position. His views were represented 
by his men in the respective organs. An interesting meeting took 
place between Dro and Reichsfuehrer-SS Heinrich Himmler toward the 
end of 1942.  Dro discussed matters of collaboration with Himmler 
and after a long conversation, asked if he could visit POW camp 
close to Berlin. Himmler provided Dro with his private car.[1] 

A minor problem was that some of the Soviet nationals were not
_Aryans_ but _subhumans_ according to the official Nazi philosophy.
As such, they were subject to German racism. However, Armenians
were the least threatened and indeed most privileged. In August 
1933, Armenians had been recognized as Aryans by the Bureau of
Racial Investigation in the Ministry for Domestic Affairs.

[1] Meyer, Berkian, ibid., pp. 112-113.


Altogether 30,000 Nazi Armenians served in various units in 
the German Wehrmacht, according to Ara J. Berkian. 14,000 
in predominantly Armenian army units, 6,000 in German army 
units, 8,000 in various working units and 2,000 in the 
Waffen-SS.[1]

A number of these Nazi Armenians were volunteers from France and 
Greece who had chosen to commit themselves to the extermination
of the European Jewry. Derounian says that

_Nazi Armenians from France bore the mark 'Legion Armenienne.'_[2]

That Nazi Armenians like Dro 'the Butcher', Armenian architect 
of the genocide of 2.5 million Muslim people, and Nezhdeh sided
with the Germans probably had an impact on the decision of
Armenians who overwhelmingly opted for armed service.

[1] Enno Meyer, A. J. Berkian, _Zwischen Rhein und Arax, 900
    Jahre Deutsch-Armenische beziehungen_ (Heinz Holzberg
    Verlag-Oldenburg 1988), pp. 118/119.     
[2] John Roy Carlson (Arthur Derounian), ibid., p. 19.


In fall 1942, the Armenian infantry battalions 808 and 809 were formed,
to be followed by battalions 810, 812 and 813 in spring 1943. In the 
second half of 1943 infantry battalions 814, 815 and 816 were created.
These battalions together with other indigenous Caucasian units were
attached to the infantry division 162. Also attached to ID 162 were
the field battalions II/9, I/125 and I/198 which were formed between
May 1942 and May 1943. Altogether twelve Armenian battalions served 
the Nazi army, if battalion II/73, which was not employed at any time, 
is to be included.[1] Most battalions were commanded by Nazi Armenian 
officers. Armenians wore German uniforms with an armband in the Dashnag 
colours red-blue-orange and the inscription _Armenien._

[1] Joachim Hoffmann, _Dies Ostlegionen 1941-1943, Turkotataren, 
    Kaukasier und Wolgafinned im deutschen Heer_ (Verlag Rombach
    Freiburg 1976), p. 172.


The Armenian SS unit was formed following a directive of Himmler in 
the beginning of December 1944.[1] The Armenian Liaison Staff actively 
recruited volunteers[2] and by February 1945 a cavalry formation of 
twenty thousand Armenians was integrated into the larger Caucasian 
Waffen-SS unit. The Armenian SS formation was employed last in 
Klagenfurt.[3] In addition to this exclusively Armenian unit, Nazi 
Armenians also served in the thirty eight other SS divisions, one 
of them even in the elite _Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler._[4]

[1] Meyer, Berkian, ibid., pp. 136-137.
[2] United States National Archives, T-175, Roll 167, 
    pp 2700157/2700158, SS-Headquarters, Amtsgruppe D - Oststelle,
    see _Documents 3 and 4._
[3] Georg Tessin, _Verbaende und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und
    Waffen-SS im zweiten Weltkrieg 1939-1945,_ (Frankfurt am Main
    1965-1980), Volume 14, Armenian Legion/Waffen SS.
[4] Meyer, Berkian, ibid., p. 119.
 


Derounian says that

_Greece was honeycombed with Armenians serving as Nazi spies._[1]

Many Nazi Armenians were arrested by the British and sentenced by 
the Greek government as collaborators in espionage.[2] In Rumania 
many Nazi Armenians were found in Antonescu's Iron Guard during 
arrest of members after the war. Bulgaria was the operational base 
of Tzeghagrons-founder Garagin Nezhdeh, who commanded a network of
espionage from there.

[1] John Roy Carlson (Arthur Derounian), ibid., p. 20.
[2] Meyer, Berkian, ibid., p. 150.

In Russia General Dro (the Butcher), the architect of the Muslim
Holocaust in ex-Soviet/Russian Armenia and Eastern Anatolia, was 
working closely with the German Secret Service. He entered the war 
zone with his own men and acquired important intelligence about the 
Soviets. His experience with the Muslim Holocaust in ex-Soviet/Russian
Armenia and Eastern Anatolia made him an invaluable source for the 
Germans.[1]

[1] Meyer, Berkian, ibid., p. 113; Patrick von zur Muehlen,
    ibid., p. 84.



Numerous articles in major newspapers (London Times) and periodicals 
(Newsweek) during the war, had suggested the existence of a significant 
collaboration between Armenians and the Nazis. Arthur Derounian deserves 
credit for being the first person to deal with this issue extensively. 
Derounian's motives were twofold: his deeply held democratic convictions 
gave him a sense of duty and he felt obliged to shed light on this yet 
another dark chapter of Armenian history. Concurrently, Derounian embarked 
on what one would call _crisis control_ or face-saving. In order to 
forestall any potential attacks on the larger Armenian community in 
the United States, he marginalized collaboration as deplorable but 
insignificant.[1]

[1] John Roy Carlson (real name Arthur Derounian), _The Plotters_
    E. P. Dutton & Company, Inc., New York 1946, p. 182.

Also, it is not surprising that the Armenians collaborated with the Nazis.

_Wholly opportunistic the Armenians have been variously pro-Nazi, 
 pro-Russia, pro-Soviet Armenia, pro-Arab, pro-Jewish, as well as 
 anti-Jewish, anti-Zionist, anti-Communist, and anti-Soviet - whichever 
 was expedient._[1]

[1] John Roy Carlson (Arthur Derounian), _Cairo to Damascus_
    Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1951, p. 438.
  

  

 _Mitteilungsblatt_ Berlin, December 1939, Nr. 2 and 5-6

 Yet another historical fact: a fact that for years has been deliberately 
 forgotten, concealed, and wiped from memory - the fact of Armenian-Nazi 
 collaboration.

 A magazine called Mitteilungsblatt der Deutsch-Armenischen Gesselschaft
 is the clearest and most definite proof of this collaboration. The 
 magazine was first published in Berlin in 1938 during Nazi rule of 
 Germany and continued publication until the end of 1944. Even the 
 name of the magazine, which implies a declaration of Armenian-Nazi 
 cooperation, is attention-getting.

 This magazine, every issue of which proves the collaboration, is 
 historically important as documentary evidence. It is a heap of 
 writing that should be an admonition to world opinion and to all 
 mankind. 

 In Nazi Germany, Armenians were considered to be an Aryan race and 
 certain political, economic, and social rights were thus granted to 
 them. They occupied positions in public service and were partners in 
 Nazi practices. The whole world of course knows what awaited those 
 who were not considered _Aryan_ and what befell them.



The Tzeghagrons (Armenian Racial Patriots -- Nazi Armenians) was the 
youth organization of the Armenians. It was based in Boston (where 
Muslim/Jewish Holocaust apologists of SDPA/Armenian Church are located) 
but had followers in Armenian colonies all over the world. Literally
Tzeghagron means _to make a religion of one's race._ The architect
of the Armenian Racial Patriots was Garegin Nezhdeh, a Nazi Armenian
who became a key leader of collaboration with Hitler in World War II.
In 1933, he had been invited to the United States by the Central
Committee of the Armenians to inspire and organize the American-Armenian 
youth. Nezhdeh succeeded in unifying many local Armenian youth groups 
in the Tzeghagrons. Starting with 20 chapters in the initial year, the 
Tzeghagrons grew to 60 chapters and became the largest and most powerful 
Nazi Armenian organization. Nezhdeh also provided the Tzeghagrons with 
a philosophy:

 _The Racial Religious beliefs in his racial blood as a deity.
  Race above everything and before everything. Race comes first._[1]

[1] Quoted in John Roy Carlson (real name Arthur Derounian), 
    _Armenian Affairs_ Winter, 1949-50, p. 19, footnote.



The Armenians were deeply anti-semitic as well. In the May 10, 
1936 edition of _Hairenik Weekly_ (an official mouthpiece for
the ex-Soviet Armenian Government) the vice-mayor of Bucharest, 
Rumania is quoted as saying:

_The Armenians helped us not to become the slaves of the Jewish
 elements in our country._

In another edition, an author named Captain George Haig writes:

_And the type of Jew who is imported to Palestine...is not anything
 to be proud about. Their loose morals, and other vices were
 unknown to the Arabs prior to Balfour Declaration, on top of 
 all communist activities were the cause of most of the Arab
 criticism._[1]

[1] Captain George Haig, _The Case of Palestine_ in Hairenik
    Weekly, Friday, September 25, 1936.




As amply admitted by the ex-Soviet Armenian Government,
the Armenians were also fascist. Before Pearl Harbor, 
the Dashnak daily _Hairenik_ [an official mouthpiece 
for the ex-Soviet Armenian Government] (not to be confused 
with the Tzeghagrons _Hairenik Weekly_) expressed pro-Nazi 
sentiments:

_And came Adolf Hitler, after herculean struggles. He spoke
 to the racial heart strings of the German, opened the 
 fountain of his national genius, strock down the spirit
 of defeatism...At no period since the World War had Berlin
 conducted so realistic, well organized, and planned policy
 as now, since Hitler's assumption to power...And whatever
 others may think concerning Hitlerism and Fascism as a 
 system of Government, it is proved that they have revitalized
 and regenerated the two states, Germany and Italy._[1]

[1] _Hairenik_ official organ of the Dashnaktsuitune, Sept. 
    17, 1936; quoted in John Roy Carlson (see endnote 1), p. 21.


  During World War II, while the Turkish Government was giving
  asylum to many Jews fleeing from Hitler's tyranny, anti-Semitism
  engulfed the Armenian circles in the Nazi-occupied territories.
  A publication of the Armenian Information Service in New York,
  entitled Dashnak Collaboration With The Nazi Regime, purports
  to show that Armenian sympathies with racism had reached dangerous
  proportions. The following quotation from the Armenian daily
  Hairenik of 19, 20 and 21 August 1936 exposes something much 
  more than prejudice and bigotry:

   _Jews being the most fanatical nationalists and race-worshippers...
    are compelled to create an atmosphere..of internationalism and
    world citizenship in order to preserve their race...As the
    British use battleships to occupy lands..Jews use internationalism
    or communism as a weapon..Sometimes it is difficult to eradicate
    these poisonous elements when they have struck deep root like
    a chronic disease. And when it becomes necessary for a people
    to eradicate them...these attempts are regarded revolutionary.
    During a surgical operation, the flow of blood is a natural
    thing...Under such conditions, dictatorships seem to have a role
    of saviour [1]._

  [1] Quoted by James Mandalian: _Who are the Dashnags?_ Boston,
      Hairenik Press, 1944, pp. 13-4.



  In May 1935 the Armenians of Bucharest attacked the Jews of that
  city, while the Greeks of Salonika attacked the Jews in the August
  of the same year. During World War II, Armenian volunteers, under
  the wings of Hitler's Germany, were used in rounding up Jews and
  other ''undesirables'' destined for the Nazi concentration camps.
  The Armenians also published a German-language magazine, with fascist
  and anti-Semitic tendencies, supporting Nazi doctrines directed to
  the extermination of 'inferior' races [1].

  This is confirmed by Armenophil Christopher J. Walker, who admits
  that the Armenians collaborated with the Nazis. According to him,
  members of the Dashnak Party, then living in the occupied areas,
  including a number of prominent persons, entertained pro-Axis
  sympathies. A report in an American magazine went so far as to
  claim that the Nazis had picked on the Dashnaktsutiun to do fifth-
  column work, promising the party an autonomous state for its
  cooperation. Walker goes on to claim that relations between the
  Nazis and the Dashnaks living in the occupied areas were close and
  active. On 30 December 1941 an Armenian battalion was formed by a
  decision of the Army Command (Wehrmacht), known as the 'Armenian
  812th Battalion'. It was commanded by Dro, and was made up of a
  small number of committed recruits, and a larger number of Armenians.
  Early on, the total number of recruits was 8,000; this number later
  grew to 30,000. The 812th Battalion was operational in Crimea and
  the North Caucasus.(These are the dates and numbers given by Walker[3].)

  A year later, on 15 December 1942, an Armenian National Council
  was granted official recognition by Alfred Rosenberg, the German
  Minister of the occupied areas. The Council's president was
  Professor Ardashes Abeghian, its vice-president Abraham Giulkhandanian,
  and it numbered among its members Nzhdeh and Vahan Papazian. From that
  date until the end of 1944 it published a weekly journal, Armenien,
  edited by Viken Shant (the son of Levon), who also broadcast on Radio
  Berlin. The whole idea was to prove to the Germans that the Armenians
  were 'Aryans'. With the aid of Dr. Paul Rohrbach they seemed to have
  achieved this as the Nazis did not persecute the Armenians in the
  occupied lands [2].

  [1] Turkkaya Ataov: _Armenian Extermination of the Jews and Muslims_ 
      1984, p. 91.
  [2] C.J. Walker: _Armenia_ London, 1980, pp. 356-8.



  _Emperor Romanus I Lecapenus, in about 935, again ordered the
  forcible conversion of all the Jews of Byzantium, leading to the
  murder of hundreds of Jews and the desecration of many synagogues
  throughout the empire. All the while Jews came under increasingly
  savage attack by Byzantine popular preachers and writers as well as
  by officials trying to stir the populace in support of the Crusading
  knights coming from the West to wrest the Holy Land from the "infidel
  Muslims". As a result, Emperor Andronicus I Comnenus (1183-85) again
  attempted to convert the Jews to Christianity, though by persuasion
  and argument rather than force. When Crusaders passed through
  Constantinople on their way to the Holy Land, they invariably were
  assigned to camp next to the Jewish quarters, particularly that
  adjacent to the Galata Tower, and usually spent most of their spare
  time attacking and killing Jews and stealing their properties. At the
  same time they stirred local populace to similar activities. It was
  at this time, also, that Constantinople's Armenians joined the Greeks
  in attacking Judaism for the first time. [1]_

  [1] Yvonne Friedman, 'Antijudischen Polemik des 12 jahrhunderts',
      Kairos XXVI/1-2 (1984), 80-88.


  ''Blood libel accusations were made against Jews by Ottoman Christian
  subjects starting in the sixteenth century, most frequently in the
  Arab provinces, first at Jerusalem in 1546. The most famous Christian
  assault on Ottoman Jews in medieval times came in the central Anatolian
  town of Amasya some time between 1530 and 1540, when a blood-libel
  accusation against local Jews was spread by local Armenians who said
  that an Armenian woman had seen Jews slaughter a young Armenian boy
  and use his blood at the feast of Passover. Several days of rioting
  and pillaging and attacks on Jews followed...Later, however, the
  Armenian boy who supposedly had been murdered was found and the
  Ottoman governor punished the Armenian accusers, though nothing could
  be done about the Jews who had suffered.''[1]

  ''There were literally thousands of incidents in subsequent years,
  invariably resulting from accusations spread among Greeks and Armenians
  by word of mouth, or published in their newspapers, often by Christian
  financiers and merchants who were anxious to get the Jews out of the
  way, resulting in isolated and mob attacks on Jews, and burning of
  their shops and homes [2]. The attacks were brutal and without mercy.
  Women, children, and aged Jewish men were frequently attacked, beaten
  and often killed.''[3]

  [1] Stanford J. Shaw, ''Christian Anti-Semitism in the Ottoman Empire'',
      Belleten C. LIV, 68, p.1103 (1991).
  [2] Abraham Ben-Yakob (Jerusalem), ''The Immigration of Iraki Jews
      to the Holy Land in the 19th Century'', paper delivered to the
      First International Congress for the Study of Sephardic and
      Oriental Judaism, 27 June 1978.
  [3] Stanford J. Shaw, ''Christian Anti-Semitism in the Ottoman Empire'',
      Belleten C. LIV, 68, p.1129 (1991)


  By Andrew Sackser:

  Throughout history the children of  Israel have suffered at hands
  of  others. A  people set  apart  from their  neighbors by  their
  faith, countless. Jews have often had  to pay for this faith with
  their lives.  There was,  however, one haven  where Jews  did not
  suffer  the large-scale  persecution characterizing  their entire
  existence. This  haven was  Turkey. For  over five  hundred years
  Jews  have flourished  there,  enjoying relatively  uninterrupted
  freedom and  safety that has  only been rivaled in  America. This
  year marks  the quincentennial anniversary of  the ingathering of
  Jews to  Turkey, and highlights  one of the brighter  chapters in
  Jewish history.
  ...
  Source: HIRHURIM - The Jewish Magazine of Brendeis University
  (Massachusetts). Vol. 1, No: 2, Spring 1992



Source: Doc. Dr. Azmi Suslu, "Ermenilerin Yaptiklari Katliamlar (Les
        Massacres Commis Par Les Armeniens)," Ankara Universitesi Basimevi,
        Ankara, 1986.

p. 1.

Fotograf: Ermeni ceteleri tarafindan 25 Nisan'da Subatan koyunde karinlari
          yarilip cocuklari cikarilan kadinlar ve cocuklari.

Fotograf: Mus ve Bitlis'te kurulup Rus ordusuna onculuk eden ve Turklere
          karsi giristikleri mezalimle taninan Ermeni cetelerinden bir
          grup (Ermeni Amal ve Harekat-i Ihtilaliyyesi-Tesavir ve Vesaik.
          Osmanlica, Almanca, Ingilizce ve Fransizca aciklamali Album,
          nu. 2, s. 58.)

p. 26.

"Bu koyler son derecede acinacak haldedir. Gidip gelmeleriyle Ermeni 
 ihtilalcileri, bunlara kitlik getirmislerdir."

p. 40.

Rus Generali Mayewski:

"Her konuda oldugu gibi, ilkbaharda isyan faaliyetlerinin hazirliklari
 da hizlanmistir. Hatta, sehrin yakinlarindaki birkac Turk'un katledildigi
 ve vucutlarinin parca parca dograndigi gibi bazi cinayetlerden bile
 soz edildigi duyulmaya baslanmistir. Ozellikle bu tur cinayetlerin 
 sorusturulmadigini goren isyancilar gunden gune cesaretlenmislerdir."

p. 42.

Van Ingiltere konsolosu Williams:

"Ekselanslarini haberdar etmekten seref duyarim ki, bu bolgenin durumu
 arzu edildigi sekilde degildir. Ermeni isyancilari iki defa Muslumanlara
 saldirmislardir; birincisinde uc Turk oldurulmus, iki kisi yaralanmis;
 ikincisinde ise iki-uc kisi oldurulmustur. Her iki olayda da vucutlar
 vahsice parcalanmistir...Her halukarda bu ahmak ve rezil Ermeniler olayin
 musebbipleridirler"

p. 54.

Rus Generali Mayewski:

"12-13 Eylul'de Hincak cetesi ortaya cikmistir. Bu cete Van sehrine Ovannis
 koyunden saldirmistir. Gectikleri heryeri tahrip etmis olan bu ceteciler,
 Ermeni mahallesinin bahcelerine kadar ilerlemisler;..."




  Onsozunde Yunus Zeyrek imzasi ile $unlar yazili:

  ''Birinci Cihan Harbi'nin son yillarinda Ermenilerin Turklere
    yaptigi mezalimi yerinde tespit icin yabanci gazetecilerin de
    bulundugu bir heyet kuruldu. Ahmed Refik Bey bu heyetin reisiydi.
    Alman yazari Vays, Avusturyali yazar Dr.I$tayn'tan mute$ekkil
    heyet 17 Nisan - 20 Mayis 1918 tarihleri arasinda bir kisim $ark
    vilayetlerini dola$ti. I$te elinizdeki eser, bu seyahatin
    mahsuludur....Osmanlinin zeval buldugu zamanlarda Moskof himaye-
    sindeki Ermenilerin yaptigi $eni cinayetleri bizzat gorur gibi
    oluyoruz. Bazen hakimane bir tavir takinan Ruslarin, katil
    Ermeni ceteba$larini madalyalarla taltif ettikleri de bilinen
    hakikatler arasindadir....''

  Ahmed Refik, 'Kafkas Yollarinda Hatiralar ve Tahassusler,' (1919).
  Birinci Baski, Agustos 1981, Kultur Bakanligi Yayinlari: 473.

  pp. 36-37:

  ''Erzincan, 2 Mayis:

  ...Ruslarin geri cekilmesini muteakip Ermenilerin zulmettikleri
  yerlerden biri de Erzincan. Vaktiyle yirmi bin nufusu ihtiva eden
  kasabada $imdi uc-dort bin ki$i bile yok. Ruslarin istilasi esnasinda
  kasabada kalanlar fakir ve aciz halk. Bunlarin da yedi yuze yakin
  kismi Ermeniler tarafindan kesilmi$, oldurulmu$, yakilmi$ ve kuyulara
  atilmi$. Kasaba Osmanli ordusu tarafindan $ubatta i$gal olunmu$.
  Olulerin toplanmasi hala bitmiyor. Bu feci kan ve sefalet manzarasi
  kar$isinda karli daglar, bahara hazirlanan ovalar, henuz ciceklenen
  agaclar sessiz ve cansiz. Firat, yine sessiz, mutevazi ve pur-vekar
  yoluna devam ediyor. Ku$lar yine harabeler ortasinda bezgin ve mahzun
  du$unuyor. Bedbaht Erzincanlilarin yanik, muessir, kurdi makamlarla
  soyledikleri turkuler $imdi hakikaten yerini bulmu$. Bugun o turkuler
  soylendigi, o hazin nagmeler yurtlarina donen felaketzedeler lisanindan
  i$itildigi zaman muteessir olmamak kabil degil:

   Vardim ki yurdumdan ayak gocurmu$
   Leyla gitmi$, issiz kalmi$ otagi
   Camlar $ikest olmu$, meyler dokulmu$
   Sakiler meclisten kesmi$ ayagi

  Filhakika Erzincan'da tum otaglar issiz kalmi$. Butun camlar $ikest
  olmu$. Butun bahceler peri$an. Butun gonuller cok kederli:

   Vardim ki baglarda bagban aglar
   Sunbuller peri$an guller kan aglar
   $eyda bulbul terk edeli bu bagi

   Kangi dagda bulsam ben o marali
   Kangi colde sursem ce$m-i gazali
   Yavrusun yitirmi$ ceylan misali
   Gezer colden cole yoktur duragi.

  Halk, ac ve sefil. Yollarda, omrunu muharebelerde ve gurbetlerde
  geciren bu halk zaten ne zaman saadet yuzu gormu$!...Kadin lisanindan
  soylenen turkulerde bile harpten ve ayriliktan ba$ka bir $ey i$itilmiyor:

   Dersim'in bayir ba$i
   Yikilmi$ dagi ta$i
   Agamdan ayrilali
   Akiyor gozum ya$i
   Durmuyor gozum ya$i...''

  pp. 40-41:

  ''Erzurum, 6 Mayis:

  Erzincan, issizligiyla kalbe kasvet veriyor. Bu yangin yerlerinden
  bir an evvel kurtulmak adeta bir saadet. Yola ciktigimiz zaman, aclik
  manzaralari, sefaletler, Ermeniler tarafindan kesilmi$ ba$lar, parca-
  lanmi$ vucutlar, bir turlu gozlerimizin onunden gitmiyor. Erzincan
  ovasi, karli daglar arasinda kurumu$ otlari, ciplak sogutleriyle
  nihayetsiz ve geni$. Yollardan kalkan tozlar gogusleri tikiyor. Hic
  bir guzellik, hicbir cicek kalbe ferahlik vermiyor. Ovanin iki tarafina
  dogru yukselen, karli daglarla nihayetlenen meyiller uzerinde buyuk
  buyuk koyler var. Fakat bunlar ciplak ve siyah agaclariyla buyuk
  lekeler te$kil eden yangin yerlerinden ba$ka bir $ey degil. Yanmami$,
  yikilmami$, kirilmami$ hic bir $ey yok. Her taraf issiz. Bu baglarin
  sahipleri, bu koylerin sakinleri nerede? Sukut!...''





  Ahmed Refik, 'Kafkas Yollarinda Hatiralar ve Tahassusler,' (1919).
  Birinci Baski, Agustos 1981, Kultur Bakanligi Yayinlari: 473.

  pp. 47-48:

  ''(Erzurum, 9 Mayis 1918:)

    ..Erzurum ahalisi gayet zeki ve ihsana deger verir. Sozleri duzgun.
    Esnafi bile irfan sahibi. Onlarin size iltifat icin:
      --Begim, gozun ustune gele!
    deyi$leri var ki, bu basit cumlelerdeki teslimiyetkarane ve
    samimane edalarina kar$i Anadolu'nun bu serhad halkina kalben
    bir hurmet beslememek mumkun degil. Rus istilasi altinda silahsiz
    ya$ayan, Ermeni mezalimine cocuklarini, erlerini, hatta kadinlarini
    kurban veren, i$te bu halk...

    Erzurum, bir harabe gibi. Camiler, ambar vazifesi gormekle
    kurtulabilmi$. Mamafih bunlarin da mustesnasi var. Lala Mustafa
    Pa$a Camii, Mimar Sinan'in bu guzide eseri, butun muzeyyenatindan
    (suslerinden) mahrum. Pencerelerinin etrafini susleyen renkli
    ciniler bile sokulmu$. Erzurum'un bu kismi kamilen harap. Hukumet
    dairesi, beylik yerler dumandan simsiyah kesilmi$, korkunc bir
    iskelet halinde, dort duvardan ba$ka hic bir $ey degil. Kilise
    Meydani civari, Islam mahalleleri yikilmi$ ve yakilmi$...

    Ruslarin cekilmesi uzerine $ehir kamilen Ermenilerin elinde kalmi$.
    I$te butun zulumler, yanginlar ve facialar o zaman ba$lami$. Yalniz
    Erzurum sokaklarinda toplanan Islam na$i (cesedi) dort binden fazla.
    Evlere doldurulup yakilanlar, yol yaptirmak bahanesiyle uzaklara
    goturulup oldurulenler bu hesaba dahil degil.

    Erzurum'da yakilan binalar hesapsiz. Ermeniler hemen her tarafi
    yakmi$lar, yikmi$lar...Daha ziyade mudafaada bulunamiyacaklarini
    anladiklari zaman pe$lerinde olum ve ate$ten murekkep bir harabe
    birakarak kacmi$lar.''

  IHA (9 Temmuz), Erzurum:

  ''Erzurum'un Pasinler Ilcesi'ne bagli Timar koyunde,
    Prof.Dr. Enver Konukcu ba$kanligindaki 20 ki$ilik
    bir heyet tarafindan 350 ki$ilik bir toplu mezar
    ortaya cikarildi. Iki yildan beri tespit edilmeye
    cali$ilan toplu mezarda, Ermeniler tarafindan
    olduruldukten sonra birbirinin uzerine atilarak
    gomuldukleri anla$ilan 350 Turk'un iskeletleri
    arasinda ziynet e$yalari, kismen yanmi$ Kur'an-i
    Kerim'ler, Osmanlica kitaplar ile 3 adet de altin
    bulundu. Katliamdan sag olarak kurtulmayi ba$aran
    84 ya$indaki Ethem Aydin kazi boyunca gozya$larini
    tutamadi.''

  Extracts from a letter dated December 11, 1983, published in the San
  Francisco Chronicle.

  "We have first hand information and evidence of Armenian atrocities
   against our people (Jews). Members of our family witnessed the
   murder of 148 members of our family near Erzurum, Turkey, by Armenian
   neighbors, bent on destroying anything and anybody remotely Jewish
   and/or Muslim. Armenians were in league with Hitler in the last war, 
   on his premise to grant themselves government if, in return, the 
   Armenians would help exterminate Jews. Armenians were also hearty 
   proponents of the anti-Semitic acts in league with the Russian 
   Communists."

   Signed Elihu Ben Levi, Vacaville, California.




   A. Alper Gazigiray, "Muslim Archival Material on the Genocide Perpetrated
   by the Armenians Against the Muslim people in Eastern Anatolia," Gozen 
   Kitabevi, Istanbul, 1982.


pp. 455-456.

Picture: Corpses of Muslim children butchered by Armenians.

"Simdi Savur'da yasayan memleketi Bitlis olan 40 yasinda Isa oglu 
 Haydar'in yeminli ifadesi:

 1915 yilinin subat ayinda ailemle Bitlis'in bir koyu olan Tako'da 
 bulunuyordum. Yolda Bitlis halkindan bir kafile gorunce, gidislerinin
 sebebini sordum. Bunlar bana sehrin ansizin Rus ve Ermeni birlikleri
 tarafindan basildigini, bu birliklerin daha ziyade Ermeniler tarafindan
 teskil edildigini, rastladiklari Islamlari kadin, erkek ve cocuk 
 ayirmaksizin sungu darbeleriyle oldurduklerini soylediler.

 Haber salmam uzerine Bitlis'in Kersan mahallesinde oturan Suleyman
 oglu Ali asagidakileri anlatti. Kardeslerim Ismail ve Halil kapilarinin
 esiginde Ermeniler tarafindan oldurulmuslerdi. Haci Alinin oglu
 kayinbiraderim Yusuf'u oldurmusler ve halasi Sakir'in kizi olan
 Mercan rezilane suikastler maksadiyla cete tarafindan goturulmustur.
 Hasta olan komsum Seyh Harzan Ahmet yataginda karisi Semo ve 
 hizmetcilerinden bir tanesi oldurulmustu. Seyhi ziyarete gelmis olan
 Mustafa oglu Recep'in de mukadderati ayni olmustur. Ismail Kilincizade
 oglu Hasan kendisinden buyuk bir fidye alinmasina ragmen Suleyman 
 Yusufzadenin evinin yakininda oldurulmustur. Oglu Izzet ve Haci 
 Nasullah'in oglunu kasatura darbeleriyle oldurmuslerdir. 80 lik bir
 kadin olan Ahlatli Niger ve Tero'un hasta karisi Bezirgan Cilvinzade
 Ismail oglu Halil, Ahmet oglu Mehmet, kardesim Mithat Efendi ve amcasi
 50 yaslarinda olan Seyh Hafi kar ve sogugun siddetine ragmen acik 
 bas ve yalinayakla angarya yapmaya ve uzak mesafelere agir yukler
 tasimaya mecbur edilmislerdi. Bunun uzerine Bitlis'e gitmeye cesaret
 edemiyerek koyume, Yako'ya dondum."

p. 458.

 "Hafif Suvari Alayi Komutani Nuh Beyin ifadesi:

 1915 Subat ayinda Rus saldirisi esnasinda Mus vadisinde bulunan 
 bilhassa Kolisek, Zikzak, Varsad, Abzit, Kurni, Pav, Capkis, Agudat,
 Sipahiyan, Suspiret, Til, Tekmal, Norkak koyleri tamamiyle yikildi..."





Source: _Russian View on the Genocide Committed by the Armenians against 
         the Muslims_ by Doc. Dr. Azmi Suslu, Ankara Universitesi Basimevi,
         Ankara, 1987.

p. 38.

Picture: Ermeni mezalimine ugrayan masum Turk halkinin katlinden
         sonra karlar uzerine terk edilen cesetleri.

"Ermeni asilli istihkam subayi Morozof Meguerditche'in raporu 

 Bu dakikadan itibaren hicbir taraftan emir verilmeksizin katliam 
 basladi. Katliama koylulerle birlikte muntazam askerler de istirak 
 etmekteydi. Katliam en cok Ermeni kilisesi civarinda icra edilmistir. 
 Yapilan nasihatlara ragmen katliamin onune gecmek mumkun olmamistir. 
 Neticede yaklasik olarak 250 ile 300 Musluman katlolunmustur."
 
"Erzincan bolgesinde binlerce musluman, hicbir ayirim yapmadan Ermeniler
 tarafindan vahsice oldurulmustur. Nitekim Osmanli ordusu Erzincan'a
 geldigi zaman Ordu Komutani'nin 16 Subat'da Baskomutanlik Vekaletine
 yazdigi rapor aynen soyledir:

 'Cardakli bogazindan Erzincan'a kadar olan butun koyleri, hatta bir
  kulube bile saglam kalmamak sartiyla, tahrip edilmis gordum. 
  Bahcelerin agaclari kesilmis, koylerden bir fert sag kalmamistir. 
  Ermenilerin Erzincan'da yaptiklari facialari dunya tarihi bugune 
  kadar kaydetmemistir. Uc gunden beri Ermeniler tarafindan oldurulup 
  meydanda kalan Islam cenazeleri toplattirilmaktadir. Sehid edilmis 
  olan bu bigane ve masum halk arasinda memeden kesilmemis cocuklar, 
  doksan yasini ikmal etmis ihtiyarlar, parcalanmis kadinlar vardir.'"




Source: _Russian View on the Genocide Committed by the Armenians against 
         the Muslims_ by Doc. Dr. Azmi Suslu, Ankara Universitesi Basimevi,
         Ankara, 1987.

pp. 10-13.

Picture: Ermeniler tarafindan katledilen yakinlarinin basinda aglayan
         masum Turkler. 

"Rusya'nin Bitlis Konsolosu'nun raporu

 Bitlis vilayetinin dikkat ceken ozelliklerinden biri de, Ermeni
 ihtilal cemiyeti olan Tasnaksutyun'un bu vilayette daimi surette
 faaliyet gostermesidir...Simdi adigecen cemiyetin Sasun, Mus 
 sancagi, Mus ovasi, Bulanik, Ahlat ve Malazgirt kazalariyla,
 Bitlis sehrindeki uyelerinin sayisi 100,000 kisiye ulasmistir.
 Bu teskilatin vilayet icindeki baslica reisi Karmen (Carmen),
 diger adiyla Karnik'tir. Tasnaksutyun cemiyetine girmeden once
 Karnik bir papazdi. Asil adi Dacad Vartabed (Dadjad Vartabete) 
 imis...Karmen'in Mus sehrindeki yardimcilari ise, ilk basta
 Simon Zavaryan ve daha sonra Agop Hadoyan, Mecobuluyan ve 
 Simbat'tir. Bulanik kazasindaki Hupe (Houppe), Karmen'in vekili
 Museg (Mochehe), Sasun'da Manuk, Mus ovasinda Iso Kumuslu (Isso
 Koumssel) ve iki Misaklar'dir.

 Reisleriyle birlikte bu 100,000 uyenin girdigi cemiyetin merkezi
 idaresi Mus sehrinde yapilmaktadir. Bu teskilat, 20 komiteye, 100
 alt komiteye ve 8,000 gruba ayrilmaktadir. Binaenaleyh her gruba 
 10 ila 12 uye dahildir. 100 ila 1,000 Ermeni bir alt komite ve 
 1,000 ila 5,000 kisi de bir komite teskil ederler. Buyuk merkez
 komitesi daimi surette Mus sehrinde bulunmakta ve Mus sehri ile
 Mus ovasi, Sasun, Bulanik ve Malazgirt kazalariyla Bitlis sehri
 ve civarindaki Tasnaksutyun subeleri adigecen merkeze tabi
 bulunmaktadir. Tasnaksutyun cemiyetine dahil bulunan uyelerden
 her biri her ay cemiyet kasasina on paradan bir kurusa kadar
 bir meblag odemeye mecburdur. Bundan dolayi cemiyetin yalniz
 Bitlis vilayetinde senelik 1,000 ila 1,500 liralik gelire sahip
 oldugu zannedilmektedir.

 Bu surette her grup ve komitenin topladigi akce Cenevre'deki
 Tasnaksutyun'un Garb Kalemi'ne gonderilmekte ve bu kalemce 
 Isvicre Tasnakist Hey'et-i Aliyyesi mukarreratina gore 
 sarfedilmektedir.

 Komite ve alt komitelerin baskanlari ve Osmanli askerleriyle
 savasmis 'eski' ihtilalcilerde Revolver ve Miravn, Musin ve
 Berdan sisteminde tufeklerle luzumu kadar fisek vardir. 
 Tasnaksutyun cemiyetinin diger uyelerine gelince, bunlarin
 elinde Berdanga, Kerd (Kramnofmas/Kramnovka), Martin ve Gra 
 (Gras) gibi degisik sistemlerden olmak uzere 600-800 tufek 
 vardir. Bu tufekler eskiden koylerde toprak altinda muhafaza
 edilirdi. Simdi oralardan cikarilmistir. 

 ...Tasnaklarin hareketlerine karsi Mus ovasindaki Kirtakum
 koyu ahalisi de siddetle memnuniyetsizliklerini beyan etmislerdir.
 Bu sene gerek Mus ve gerek Bitlis memurlarina kendilerinden
 sozde mektepler icin para toplayan ve ayni zamanda silahlanmalarini
 tavsiye eden Karmen aleyhinde sikayette bulunmuslardir. Her halde
 Tasnakcilarin mektep ve egitim konusunda yapacaklari faaliyetleri,
 diger faaliyetlerini gizlemektedir."



Source: _Russian View on the Genocide Committed by the Armenians against 
         the Muslims_ by Doc. Dr. Azmi Suslu, Ankara Universitesi Basimevi,
         Ankara, 1987.

p. I. 

Picture: Isyanci Ermeni ceteleri tarafindan vahsice sehid edilmis olan
         kadin ve cocuk cesetleri sedyelerde.

p. 8.

"Birinci Dunya Savasi basinda Car II. Nicolas'in Ermenilere hitaben
 yayinladigi beyannamede soyle bir ifade kullanilmistir:

 'Ermeniler!
  
  Dogudan batiya kadar buyuk Rusya'nin butun ahalisi davetimi buyuk
  bir saygiyla kabul etti. Ermeniler, bircogunuzun altinda ezildigi
  ve bugun ezilmege devam ettigi bes asirlik istibdattan sonra 
  hurriyete sahip olacaginiz saat geldi. Ruslar, Ermeni evladini 
  buyuk bir iftiharla hatirliyor. Lazaroflar, Melikoflar ve benzer
  Ermeniler Slav kardeslerinin yaninda vatanin gelismesi icin 
  savasmislardi. Asirlardan beri devam eden sadakatiniz icin bu buyuk
  gunde de butun vazifelerinizi sarsilmaz bir iman ve kanaatle ifa
  edeceginize ve gercek davamizin ve silahlarimizin kesin zafere
  ulasmasi icin calisacaginiza bir delildir.

  Ermeniler! Carlar Hukumetleri altinda kan kardeslerinizle birleserek
  nihayet hurriyet ve adaletin nimetlerine kavusacaksiniz' (Ermeni
  amal ve harekat-i ihtilaliyyesi, tesavir ve vesaik, Osmanlica, 
  Almanca, Ingilizce ve Fransizca Album, nu. 2, s. 36).

 Ihtilal sonrasinda ise, bu ifade soyle bir sekil almistir:

 'Ermeniler ve ihtilalci komiteleri oyunda gerekli olan ahmaklardir'
  (Lenin).

 Rusya'nin dun Balkanlar'da Slavcilik veya Hiristiyanlik adi altinda
 uyguladigi ve Dogu Anadolu'da da Ermenilere tatbik ettigi iki yuzlu
 siyaset, bugun de daha degisik sekilde, fakat ayni amaclarla devam
 etmektedir."




   A. Alper Gazigiray, _Muslim Archival Material on the Genocide 
   Perpetrated by the Armenians Against the Muslim people in Eastern 
   Anatolia,_ Gozen Kitabevi, Istanbul, 1982.

pp. 453-455.

Picture: Another heap of slaughtered Muslim women and children by 
         Armenians.

"Bitlis Tas Mahallesinden olup, simdi Savur'da bulunan 45 yasinda 
 Huseyin oglu Bakkal Muhittin Efendi'nin yeminli ifadesi:

 1915 Subat ayinin sonu idi. Evimde otururken, birden sehirin cesitli
 yerlerinden surekli ates sesleri ve gurultulu sesler gelmeye basladi.
 Bu Rus-Ermeni birliklerinin geldigini delalet ediyordu. Hemen sokaga 
 ciktim. Ceteler sehirde umumi bir katliam yapiyorlardi. Hemen ailemi
 kurtarmak icin eve gittim. Yolda, Viranli katip Fazil Efendinin parca
 parca edildigini gorunce, ailemle birlikte vilayet konagi tarafindan
 kacmaya mecbur oldum. Orada yollar Ermeniler tarafindan kesilmisti. 
 Butun Muslumanlari yas farki gozetmeksizin olduruyorlardi. 
 Kurtulabilmek icin o taraftan hic bir cikis bulamadigimdan, dusmanin 
 eline gecmemek icin kendimi Bitlis'ten gecen nehre atmak istedim. 
 Kardesim Musa bu tesebbusume mani oldu ve Tanrinin inayetiyle buyuk 
 zorluklar pahasina genel katliamdan kurtulduk.

 Binlerce kurban arasinda su taninmis kisiler vardi:

 1. Esraftan Haci Semsettin oglu Tosun Efendi,
 2. Herson mahallesinden Haci Yusuf oglu Abdulbaki Efendi,
 3. Haci Hasan oglu Haci Mehmet,
 4. Mahmut oglu Nadir,
 5. Cemal oglu Abdulrezzak,
 6. Mehmet oglu Dursun,
 7. Recep oglu Hamit,
 8. Bilal oglu Cemil,
 9. Seyh Mehmet Kufrevi oglu Seyh Abdulmalik Efendi,
10. Bitlis Jandarma komutani Ismail Bey.

 Mardin eski kadisi Ahmet Efendi yataginda katledildi. Kiz kardesi 
 Bedriye Zaman Hanim, Recep Efendinin kizi Perihan hanim, Onbasi 
 Halit'in karisi Leyla ve oglu Salih de korkunc iskencelerle evlerinde 
 oldurulduler. Musa Efendi kendi tarafinda kardesi Muhiddin gibi aci 
 sahneleri yasadi."



   A. Alper Gazigiray, _Muslim Archival Material on the Genocide 
   Perpetrated by the Armenians Against the Muslim people in Eastern 
   Anatolia,_ Gozen Kitabevi, Istanbul, 1982.

pp. 451-452.

Picture: Heap of massacred Muslim women and children by Armenians.

"Mus multecilerinden 18 yasinda olan Abdurrahman oglu Mehmet Resul'un
 Hani Muduru onunde verdigi yeminli ifadesi:

 Betlevo koyu yakinlarinda 1915 ocaginin yarisina dogru yapilan savasta
 yaralandim. Hasta olan uc arkadasimla ilerlemekte olan orduyu takip
 edemedik ve dusman tarafindan esir edildik. Ilk once er Huseyin'in
 gozlerini oydular ve ayaga kalk Osmanli askerleri geliyorlar mi diye 
 bak dediler. Sonra kucuk bir vadiye goturup orada kursuna dizdiler. Bu 
 cinayetten sonra ismini bilmedigim bir arkadasima saldirdilar. Korkunc
 iskence ettikten sonra onu da oldurduler. Ucuncu arkadasimin sirasi 
 geldi. Onun tenasul uzuvlarini kesip agzina soktular ve sonra da
 bogdular. Cellatlar arasinda uc Ermeniyi tanidim. Mus'un Jakar 
 mahallesinden Kes oglu Aram, Bagdasar oglu Aleksan ve Mus'un Bas 
 mahallesinden Avukat Hrant'in oglu Hrant diger bes tanesi Rus 
 askerleriydi. Bu haydutlar bana yaklasarak butun muslumanlarin sonunun 
 bu oldugunu soylediler ve tufegin demir ucunu yaktiklari ateste 
 kizartip vucuduma 24 yerinden sapladilar. Bu iskencelerden beni 
 kurtarmak isteyen bir Rus askeri geldiginde aci cigliklar atiyordum. 
 Bu asker beni bir kenara cekerek isminin Abdulmalik olup Kazanli bir 
 musluman aileden geldigini ve kurtarabilecegini soyledi. Sekiz cellat 
 ben ve 100 kisilik bir grup bize iltihak etti. Til koyu istikametine 
 gidiyorduk. Yolda 800 civarinda bir musluman topluluguna rastladik. 
 Ermeniler istisnasiz hepsini oldurup imha ettiler. Aksama dogru Til 
 koyune geldik. Ermeniler yanlarinda Karamese koyu yagmasi esnasinda 
 kacirdiklari iki musluman kadini getirmislerdi. Bu bahis konusu olan 
 iki kadin hamile idi. Ermeni ve Ruslarin ortasina getirildiler. Iki 
 asker ve iki Ermeni, kadinlarin tasidiklari cocuklarin cinsi uzerine
 iki mecidiyelik bahse girismislerdi. Bunun uzerine kadinlarin 
 karinlarini bicakla deldiler, birisinden bir oglan cikarttilar, 
 digerinin cenini ise cesitli tahminlere  yol acti. Bes dakika sonra 4 
 Rus ve 6 Ermeni, 6 genc musluman kiz getirdiler. Ermenilerin arasinda, 
 Mus'un Ziyaret koyunden olan birini tanidim. Kizlar siraya 
 sokulmuslardi. Bir Rus subayi geldi, aralarindan birini secerek 
 goturdu...[a disgusting story - ye]. Til koyunde uc gece gecirdim. 
 Hernekadar yaralarimdan pek aci cekiyor isem de musluman Rus 
 askerlerinin yardimiyla kurtulabildim. Safaga dogru Kazan koyune hakim 
 sinirlara geldim. Koyun icinden aci cigliklar atiliyordu. Gun 
 agardiginda Ermenilerin koy sakinlerini oldurduklerini ve diri diri 
 yaktiklarini gordum. Dehsetten tas kesilerek gece oluncaya kadar 
 yerimi terk etmedim. Karanlikta yola koyuldum ve her cesit zorluk
 ve tehlikelerle karsilasilarak Hani'ye vardim."


   A. Alper Gazigiray, _Muslim Archival Material on the Genocide 
   Perpetrated by the Armenians Against the Muslim people in Eastern 
   Anatolia,_ Gozen Kitabevi, Istanbul, 1982.

pp. 450-451.

Picture: Heaped corpses of slaughtered Muslim children by Armenians.

"Akcan (Mus) Nehiyesine bagli Avran koyunden gecen Osmanli Askerlerine
 Ermeniler tarafindan yapilan zulum:

 Eski Akcam Nahiyesi Muduru simdi Bervari Kazasinin Kaymakam Vekili olan
 Ahmet Nurettin Efendinin yeminli ifadesi:

 Hukumet tarafindan genel seferberlik ilan edildi ve bir ay sonra Akcan
 nahiyesine mudur olarak atandim. Mus Mutasarrifi olan Servet bey hic 
 bir irk ve din farki gozetmeksizin sancagin tum halkina karsi durust ve
 koruyucu idi. Halbuki Mus Ermenileri imkan oldugu zaman vergilerde ve 
 askerlere alinmada hukumete zorluklar cikartiyorlardi. Tasnaklarin ve 
 Ermeni papazlarin kiskirtici hareketlerini acikca goruyorduk. Ve 
 cevrilen dolap duzenlerin zararlarini arada sirada hissediyorduk. 
 Fesatci tesirlerin telkini ile Ermeni koylerinin bir cogu vahset 
 hareketlerinde bulunmakta gecikmediler. Ermeniler su ve ekmek 
 bahanesiyle gonullu asker ve Milisleri evlerine davet ediyorlar ve 
 orada bu kisileri kapali ve tenha yerlere goturup boguyorlar, gozlerini
 oyup baslarini kopariyorlardi. Ozellikle askerlerin tufeklerine sahip 
 olmak icin hic bir zorluktan cekinmiyorlardi. Ermenilerin mezalimi 
 ozellikle 300 evlik olan Avran koyunde yapilmisti. Iste bu koyde 15 
 temmuz 1915 tarihinde actigimiz sorusturma sonucunda asagidaki bilgiler
 meydana cikti.

 Tasnak komitesi uyesi Ermeniye ait olan evin civarinda agzi cok dar 
 olan kapatilmis bir kuyu bulduk. Ortuyu kaldirdigimizda igrenc ve
 pis kokular etrafa dagildi. Asagiya indirdigim bir adam kuyunun 
 insan cesetleriyle dolu oldugunu bildirdi. Kimliklerini tesbit etmek
 uzere onlari yukari yukari cikarttik. Kurbanlarin sayisi 19 olup masum 
 ve zavalli askerlerden baska bir sey degildi. Cesetlerin durumu Osmanli
 hukumetinin 600 senelik samimi himayesine mahzar olmus bu Ermenilerin
 isledikleri korkunc cinayetlerin ancak uc dor gunluk bir mazisi 
 oldugunu gosteriyordu. Ermeniler tarafindan alcakca bogulan bu 
 askerlerin cesetlerini gomdukten sonra terk ettik."
 


   A. Alper Gazigiray, _Muslim Archival Material on the Genocide 
   Perpetrated by the Armenians Against the Muslim people in Eastern 
   Anatolia,_ Gozen Kitabevi, Istanbul, 1982.

pp. 448-450.


Picture: Corpses of Muslim women and children slaughtered by Armenians.

"Sahitlerin Ifadeleriyle Ermeni Mezalimi - Bitlis Vilayeti:

 Memleketi Bitlis olan ve simdi Mardin'in Nayalu koyune goc eden Suleyman
 Oglu Ali'nin yeminli ifadesi:

 Ruslarin Bitlis'i isgal etmek istediklerini erkenden ogrenen Van ve Bitlis
 Ermenileri Muslumanlara saldirdilar. Kacmalarini onlemek icin yollarini
 kapatarak Musluman halkini merhametsizce katlettiler. Bu arada 11 yasindaki
 kayinbiraderim Ali, annesi Rabia, Azaranli Seyh Ahmet, karisi ve bir 
 hizmetcisi, komsularimiz Ahmet oglu ve kucuk yasta oglu, seksenlik
 Hasan oglu Izzet, izinde olan iki asker kendilerini parca parca yapan
 bu barbarlarin vahsetinin kurbani oldular. 

 17 kisiden mutesekkil ailemizden yalniz bes kisi, o da buyuk zorlukla 
 katliamdan kurtulabildiler. Yegenimin bir cogu havaya atilmis duserken
 de bu haydut Ermeniler tarafindan ikiye kesilmistir.

 Genc kizlari igfal etmisler sonrada hepsini kanlar icinde sokaklarda
 suruklemislerdir. Toplam olarak; Muslumanlar uzerine, Ermeniler duyulmamis,
 tasvir edilmez cinayetler islemislerdir.

 Memleketi Bitlis olan ve simdi Mardin'in Nayali koyunde multeci olarak
 bulunan Kamil oglu Abdulrazzak'in yeminli ifadesi:

 Ilimizin isgalinde bir kardesimin ve amcamin aileleri ile birlikte erken
 saatlerde Araplar koprusune gidiyorduk. Ermeniler yolumuzu kestiler ve
 bizim onumuzde, kardesim Cerkes donlu oglu Abdulnadir ve kiz kardesim
 Emine'yi oldurduler.

 Biz kactik ve 18 kisiden yalniz 5 kisi kendini kurtarabilip Mardin'e 
 gelebildi. Gruptan geri kalanlar kandi cocuklarim dahil olmak uzere
 esir olarak goturulduler veya oldurulduler.

 Nazim kazasina bagli Kolpic Koyu ve bu koyden Ebubekir ve Abdulkerim'in
 yeminli ifadesi:

 Koyumuzun ilerisinde bulunan bir yerde bulunuyordum...Bu kritik anda
 koyumuze iki ayri noktadan baskin yaparak gelen Rus ve cok miktarda
 Ermeniden kurulu dusman ordusu halki oldurmeye ve evleri yakmaya
 basladi. Icimizden bazilarinin bulundugu 150 kisi kilictan gecirildi.
 Biz kacarken 'Bidet,' Orans koyunden 'Arsak,' Herit Ermeni koyunden
 'Sandir' ve Sube koyunden 'Krizikio' adli Ermeniler arkamizdan; Islam
 dinimize kufur ve Peygamberimize hakaret kusuyorlardi.

 Rus ve Ermeniler o derece iskence yapmislardi ki donusumuzde hic kimse
 goz yasini tutamadi. Birbirine baglanmis ciplak kadin ve erkekler
 agaclara asilmislardi. Baslari koparilmis, memeleri kesilmis kadinlarin
 goguslerinde iki parcaya bolunmus cocuklar vardi. Genc guzel kizlar
 goturulmuslerdi. Haydutlar kendilerine yarayacak mobilyalari almislar,
 digerlerini de yakmislardir."




   A. Alper Gazigiray, _Muslim Archival Material on the Genocide 
   Perpetrated by the Armenians Against the Muslim people in Eastern 
   Anatolia,_ Gozen Kitabevi, Istanbul, 1982.

pp. 396-398.

Picture: Armenians burning a Mosque.

"Buradan Peklic koyune gidilerek bu bedbaht koyun de Ermeni mezaliminin
 en igrenc sahnelerine maruz kaldigi gorulmustur. Mal, mulk yagma 
 edilmis, cami tahrip ve kirletilmistir. Burada da ahaliden gorulebilen
 birkac kisi yemin ederek gorduklerini soylemislerdir: Dusmanla 
 birlikte koye giren Ermeniler, Karacayli Emrah ile Mahmut'un yolda 
 rastladiklari biri alti, digeri yedi yaslarinda iki masum cocugunu 
 almislar, kilise kapisinin esigine goturerek orada koyun bogazlar gibi
 kestikten sonra kesilmis baslarini kilise tarafina govdelerini de 
 kapinin onune birakmislar ve ihtiyarlarin Fettah oglu Ahmet'i, Mirin
 Efendiyi, Ahmet oglu Halim'i Akva oglu Kaya onbasiyi, Ciddi Mehmet'i,
 Muhiy oglu Melayi, Mehmed Cavusu ve Mahdumu Osman'i, Sed Agayi, Hafiz
 oglu Veli'yi, Dellal oglu Hayri'yi ve yedi yasindaki oglu Hakki'yi,
 Mustafa oglu Zihni'yi, Yusuf oglu Mevlud'u, dort yasindaki kardesi
 Eyup'u, kadinlardan Altin sacli Mevlud'un validesini, kizlardan Seyh
 Besir'in 15 yasindaki kizini, Mustafa'nin alti yasindaki kizi Fatma'yi,
 Karsli Omer'in sekiz yasindaki kizi Lefce'yi, dort yasindaki diger 
 kizi Ermer'i pek feci bir surette katl ve sehit ettiler. Pekvisli
 Ahmet Bey hanesine iltica eden ve gizlenen 150 kadinla Ahmet beyin
 ailesine ve Mamahatunlu Mustafa Efendinin biri 12, digeri 14 yasindaki
 kerimesinin, 500 mutecaviz Ermeni tarafindan hucum edilerek kiz ve
 kadinlarini namuslari kirletilmis ve bunlardan kendini teslim etmeyen
 dort kadinla Izzet hatun adinda 30 yasinda bir kadinin bogazlanarak
 kuyuya atildiklarini Molla Sukru ile arkadaslari buyuk bir teessur
 icinde anlatmislardir. Heyetimiz koye vardigi zaman anlatilan senaata
 kurban olan Izzet Hatun'un kesilmis basi henuz yerde idi. 150 kadinin
 ve bir yasindaki kiz cocugun parmagindaki yuzugu almak icin parmaklarini
 kesmislerdir. Bu koyun ihtiyarlarindan Dursun aga adindaki zat boynuna
 taktiklari bir iple kuyubasina goturulerek bas asagi asarak
 oldureceklerini soyleyip para istemisler, mevcut parasini verdigi halde
 bir cok iskenceden sonra boynunun arkasindan kasatura ile kesmeye
 baslamislar, nihayet her nedense terkederek gitmislerdir. Bu adam 
 boynundaki buyuk ve muthis yara ile bitap bir halde idi. Bu koyde 
 yapilan mezalimin haddi hesabi yoktu.
  
 Erzurum - ilica - Askale - Tercan yolu uzerinde ve yakininda 11 koy
 ile Tercan kasabasinda Ermenilerin yaptiklari buyuk iskence zulum
 ve katliamlar boylece ozetlenmistir. Bu koylerden baska daha
 yuzlerce koy ozellikle Antranik pasa diye anilan ve aslen Tercan'in
 Koturlu koyunden bir Ermeni olan Aleksan oglu Antranik komutasindaki
 hain ve insani duygulardan mahrum, kana susamis, birer hayvan gibi
 vahsi cetelerin yaptiklari facialari, mubalagaya kapilmadan arzederim
 ki, ancak %1 dir. Bu koyler tamamen harap olmus, butun kadinlarin
 irzina gecilmis, cogu kesilmis ve onemli bir kismi da Erzurum'a
 sevkedilmek bahanesiyle yollarda katlolunmustur. Bu alcak ve zalim
 insan kilikli hayvanlar Turklerden intikam almak bahanesiyle ve 
 tamamen zevk icin yapmislardir. Eger yanlarinda Ruslar olmasa idi,
 belki daha muthisini yapacaklardi. Uzun zamanlar bu tahrip edilen
 koyler issiz ve virane olarak kalmistir." 




   Neside Kerem Demir, _The Crime of Genocide Committed by the 
   Armenians Against the Muslim People,_ Hulbe Basim ve Yayin 
   T.A.S., Ankara, 1979. 

pp. 158-159.

Picture: Corpses of Muslim women and children slaughtered by Armenians 
         in the snow.

"San'atkarlar yaratilis itibariyle daha hassastirlar. Zulum ve iskence,
 onlara daha cok tesir eder. Ermenilerin Turklere yapmis olduklari 
 mezalim, bilhassa halk sairlerimizde derin izler birakmistir. Insanin
 maruz kalmaya degil, seyretmeye tahammul edemeyecegi Ermeniler 
 tarafindan cizilen bu korkunc manzaralar, 'Asik Kahraman'i tabir-i 
 hakikisiyle inletmistir. Zira, Asik Kahraman, bu vahsetin icinden, 
 kaderin siyirip cikardigi, bir kazazededir. Bu kazazede'nin basindan 
 gecen hadiseyi ve mezalimi tablolastiran siirini beraberce okuyalim. 
 Bu siir, Ermeni vahsetinin, dunya edebiyatina gecmis tek kanli levhasi 
 degildir. Ama biz sadece bir tane ile iktifa ediyoruz.

 Ermeniler, 12 Mart'da ordumuzun Erzurum'a girisinden sonra da kanli ve
 cok alcakca usullerle Turkler'i katliama giristiler. Yalniz, Sarikamis,
 Arpacayi arasinda bulunan elliiki Turk koyunde, silahsiz erkekleri ve
 coluk cocugu, cami, merek, ashane, kom ve ahir gibi buyuk yapilarla,
 evlere doldurup, bir yandan gazyagi ve benzinle atese vererek, bir 
 yandan da benzeri kesici nesnelerle, yaylim atesleriyle pek vahsice
 kirdilar. Altiyuzyetmisbir nufuslu (Kars'in dogu yakasindaki) Kale
 koyunden (Derecik'ten) kurtulabilen 11 kisiden birisi olan Asik 
 Kahraman (1863 - 1944), bu koyle ucyuzaltmis kisinin bir yere 
 doldurularak, 15 Nisan'dan sonra nasil kirildigini, su acikli
 destaninda anmaktadir. 11 Haziran 1939'da bu agiti yazdirmak icin 
 tekrarliyan rahmetli halk sairimiz, bunu soylerken gozlerinden
 dolu gibi yas dokmus ve siirinin sonuna gelmeden, bayilivermisti."

		Kalekoy (Derecik) Kirginina Agit:

		1. Ey agalar nasil diyem derdimiz:
		   Vardi zulum sonu arsa dayandi.
		   Ermeni, Islami kirdi, taladi,
		   Mazlumlar amani, Arsa dayandi.

		2. Kalo'nun koyunu basti, ceng acti
		   Mitralyoz, tufeklen od, ates sacti
		   Ana: Evlat atti, dag tasa kacti
		   Sabiler sivani, Arsa dayandi.

		3. Mevla'nin takdiri eristi basa
		   Yuzcevirdi, bakmaz kardas kardasa
		   Ucyuz altmis cani yakti atasa
		   Koptu Nuh Tufani, Arsa dayandi.

		4. Bir cenaze gordum: Kan olmus yuzu,
		   Patlamis kenara sicramis gozu,
		   Ucyuz altmis canin sonmemis kozu,
		   Yanan can dumani, Arsa dayandi.

		5. Bir yigit vurulmus: Parmaklar, kamis,
		   Kacarken Kafir'e yolu ugramis,
		   Kafir tutmus: Tike, tike dogramis,
		   Hancer, kilic yani, Arsa dayandi.

		6. Bir yigidi: Vurmus, yolda koymuslar,
		   Can teslim etmeden, deri soymuslar,
		   Cep - cep etmis, yanlarini oymuslar,
		   Et cepte, figani Arsa dayandi.

		7. Bir gelini gordum: Ayaga kalkmis,
		   Sandim ki, cani var, yuzune bakmis,
		   Kafir mismar ile direge cakmis;
		   Mismar, civi unu, Arsa dayandi.

		8. Bir hamile kadin: Davranmis kaca,
		   Ermeni, eylemis hep parca parca
		   Kilic ile vurmus, bolunmus kalca,
		   Aman kizil - kani, Arsa dayandi.

		9. Cocugu, karnindan cikartmis, bakar;
		   Can teslim etmeden, sunguye takar,
 		   Bebegin figani, dagi - tasi yakar,
		   Dagin, tasin sani, Arsa dayandi.

	       10. Altiyuz altmis can, batti kirildi,
                   Cogu yandi, geri kalan vuruldu,
		   Bu koyun defteri artik duruldu,
		   Halinin yamani, Arsa dayandi.

	       11. Tanri, Ermeni'ye vermis firsati,
		   Kesti kokumuzu, kirar milleti,
                   Ruz-i Kiyamet'e kaldi muddeti,
		   Intikamin gunu, Arsa dayandi.

	       12. Kahraman, kan aglar, bu serim duman,
	           Catti bu zamana, ol Ahir - zaman,
		   Islam'a olsun Ahrette iman,
		   Kafirler isyani, Arsa dayandi.[88]

[88] Edebiyatimizda Kars, II. Kitap, s. 123, 1958, Istanbul.
 


   Neside Kerem Demir, _The Crime of Genocide Committed by the 
   Armenians Against the Muslim People,_ Hulbe Basim ve Yayin 
   T.A.S., Ankara, 1979. 

pp. 171-172.

Picture: 1915 - Slaughtered Muslim women and children by the Armenians
         in Subatan village.

"Harbin ilk zamanlarinda Beyezid'in Ermeni cete reislerinden Sevrun, 
 eski Erzurum Meb'usu Pastirmaciyan Karakin idaresinde bulunan 1200
 mevcudlu hunhar Ermeni cetesi musluman koylerine musallat olarak
 vahsi hayvanlara rahmet okutacak canavarlikla onlerine gelen masum
 musluman ahaliyi parcaliyor, mal ve esyayi yagma ediyorlardi. Yaramis,
 Agca, Viran koyleri ahalisi ekseriyetle oldurulduler. Bunlarin kanli
 elinden yarali ve hasta askerler de kurtulamiyordu. Lize mevkiinde
 ordumuz tarafindan mecburen terk edilen yarali askerleri, sonralari
 Ruslar cekildigi zaman, Ermeni cetesi tarafindan sehit edilmis olarak
 bulduk. Ruslarin yardimci oldugu Ermeni cetesi, Malazgird'de elliuc
 koyu yikmis ve yirmibinden asagi olmayan nufusun buyuk bir kismini
 oldurmustur. Bunlarin coguna sahid olduk... 

 Mus'un sukutunda Ermeni komitecileri kana susamis canavar gibi etrafa
 saldirarak ele gecirdikleri muslumanlari feci bir surette 
 oldurmuslerdir. Kadinlarin irzlarina tecavuz ediyor, ihtiyarlari 
 ve gencleri olduruyorlardi. Esraftan Haci Murad ve Resid, Guneyli
 Haci Mehmed ve Cafer, Timor, Abdah, Yusuf, Mehmed Han ve Nadir Agalar
 Ermeniler tarafindan Maktel adi verilen yere goturulerek koyun
 bogazlar gibi kesilmislerdir. Ermeniler Varto kazasinin Ayaz nahiyesi
 dahilinde Cebran asiretinden Cundi Aga'ya aid onbes koy halkini
 Murad nehrinin Gol Hazal denilen koluna atmislar ve ayaklarina agir 
 nalin cakmislardir.

 Mugullu yoluyla dahile cekilen musluman ahaliye Ermeni komitecileri
 hucum ederek acize, cocuk ve kadinlarin ihtiyarlarini Seyhulkarib
 denilen Tekkeye doldurup yakmislar ve genc kadinlarin memelerini
 keserek asmislar, annesi yarali bir cocugun sokakta annesinin
 kesilmis memesini agzina vererek emzirmislerdir. Ulemadan Seyh
 Abdulgaffar Efendi'nin kafasinin derisi soyularak sehid edilmistir.
 Sertabib Mustafa Bey, onbes yirmi Ermeni komitecisinin binden fazla
 coluk cocugu sarkilarla ve onde kadinlar raks etmekte olduklari halde
 goturduklerini ve Garp koprusunden Dikili Tas'a kadar binlerce
 cenaze gordugunu ve bunlarin buyuk bir kisminin pek feci bir tarzda
 bogazlandigini yeminle ifade eylemistir."




   Veysel Eroglu, _The Armenian Genocide of the Muslim People in Eastern
   Anatolia,_ Sebil Yayinevi, Istanbul, 1978.

pp. 191-194.

Picture: Corpses of Muslim children massacred by the Armenians.

"Ruslara rehberlik eden Ermeniler ugradiklari koylerdeki erkekleri
 tamamen oldurup kadinlara da tecavuz ile cesitli alcakliklar
 yaptilar. Cocuklarla ihtiyarlar bile bunlarin vahsi zulumlerinden
 kurtulamadi. Bir takim ihtiyar kadinlari bir eve doldurarak atese
 verdiler. Hamile kadinlarin cocuklarini sungulere takarak teshir
 ettiler. Bu duruma, hicrete mecbur olan ve her bir suretle hayatini
 kurtaran yuzlerce kisi sahiddir. Bes yuzu gecen ihtiyar erkeklerle
 pek cok kadin ve cocukdan meydana gelen bir kafile Ermeni ve Ruslar
 tarafindan Arpaderesi namindaki mevkie goturulerek orada kursun ve
 kilicla yok edildiler...

 Askerimiz cekildikten sonra Ermeni ceteleri Rus ordusunun onculeri
 olarak kasabaya girdiler. Cocuklara varincaya kadar ellerine gecen
 erkekleri olduruyor, kadinlarin irzlarina geciyor ve masum bakire
 kizlara acikca ve alcakca tecavuz ediyorlardi. 

 Serhad sehri guzel Erzurum'umuzu da Ermeniler kana boyadilar. En buyuk
 mezalim burada islenmisti.

 Erzurum katliamini Antranik ve doktor Azarif tertib ve icra etmislerdir.
 Bu icraata 10 Subat'da baslaniyor. Erzurum'un butun mahalleleri
 devriyelerle ihata olunuyor. Carsi ve pazarda toplasan cocuk, ihtiyar,
 kadin, erkek yol yaptirmak bahanesiyle toplaniyor. Toplanan bu 
 masumlar kitlesi kafile, kafile Kars kapisi civarina yigiliyor. 
 Uzerleri iyice aranip para ve kiymetli esyalari tamamiyle gasbedildikten
 sonra acilan cukurlara dolduruluyor. Sonra Erzurum garnizonlarinda
 bulunan bilumum Ermeni askerleri, evlere taarruza basliyorlar. Yagma, 
 katliam, irza tecavuz gibi senaat butun siddetiyle tatbik ediliyor.
 Bu mezalim Turk Ordusunun Erzurum'u kurtarma tarihi olan 24 Subat'a
 kadar devam ediyor. Erzurum'a giren Turk kitalari sehir dahilinde 
 ikibinyuzyirmiyedi maktul cenazesini defnetmis, ayrica Kars kapisi
 haricinde ikiyuz elli ceset bulmustur. Muslumanlar, Ermeniler
 tarafindan balta, sungu ve mermi vasitasiyle oldurulmus, cigerleri
 cikarilmak ve gozlerine kazik sokulmak suretiyle sehid edilmisti
 (Mezalim Dosyasi). Hulasa olarak sadece Erzurum icinde katliama
 maruz kalan ihtiyar, kadin, cocuk, ve erkegin yekunu sekiz bini 
 buluyordu. Erzurum'un Turk pazari kamilen yagma edilmis ve yakilmistir.

 Turk kitalarinin Erzurum'u seri bir sekilde kurtarmalari, geri kalan
 musluman ahalinin katliamini engelliyor. Erzurum'da Rus Kale Topcu
 Ikinci Alayi Kumandani, Yarbay Twerde Khlebok kendi elyazisiyla
 yazdigi hatiratinda Ermenilerin isledikleri katliami tamamen teyid
 etmektedir.

 Rus ihtilali basindan itibaren Osmanli kitalarinin Erzurum'u kurtardiklari
 12 Mart tarihine kadar Ermenilerin Erzurum sehri ve havalisindeki Turk
 ahalisine karsi tavir ve hareketlerine dair yazilan bu hatirat [37]
 Onbirinci Rus Erzurum Kale Topcu Alayinin tarihcesine ilave olarak 
 yazilmis ise de basli basina bir vesika mahiyetini haizdir. Iste bu
 hatirattan alinan kisimlari dikkatlerinize sunuyoruz: [more horror
 stories on the Armenian genocide of 2.5 million Muslim people - uta]"

[37] Bu vesikanin asli, Harp Tarihi Dosyasi Arsivi - Dolap: 123, Goz: 10,
     Dosya: 2-5'dedir.





   Veysel Eroglu, _The Armenian Genocide of the Muslim People in Eastern
   Anatolia,_ Sebil Yayinevi, Istanbul, 1978.

pp. 181-186.

Picture: Heap of Muslim women and children massacred by the Armenians.

"Erzurum vilayetine bagli kaza ve koylerde Ermenilerin isledikleri 
 mezalim tuyler urperticidir. Bu korkunc zulumleri dikkatlerinize 
 sunuyoruz:

 Tahribat ve mezalim hakkinda tahkikat icrasi icin memur edilen 
 komisyonun raporlari da Ermenilerin zulumleri hakkinda bize kafi 
 derecede fikir verecektir. 

 '24 Mayis sali gunu buyucek bir koy olan Kurukol'a ulastik. Bu koy 
  Ermeniler tarafindan yapilan tahribattan dolayi elim bir harabe 
  manzarasina ducar olmustu. Perisan enkaz, yapilan alcakliklarin sanki
  lisan-i hal ile sessiz birer sahidi idi. Bu issiz harabeyi buyuk bir
  teessurle konusturmaya calisirken Mizkik koyunden ailesiyle birlikte
  hicret etmekte bulunan tahminen 65 yaslarinda Kaya Mehmet naminda bir
  ihtiyara tesaduf ettik. Bu zavalli bedbaht adam Mizkik Koyu'nde Ermeni
  ceteleri tarafindan irtikap olunan alcakliklara bir daha hedef olmamak
  icin Erzincan'a hicret ediyordu. Sahid oldugu facialar hakkinda 
  malumat taleb ettik, yemin ederek asagidakileri soyledi:

   `Kadin ve cocuklari taarruzdan kurtarmak icin binalarda, yerin 
    altindaki anbarlarda erzak kuyularinda saklamaga mecbur olduk. 
    Ermeniler kadinlari, bulamayinca busbutun hiddetlenerek ele 
    gecirdikleri erkekleri oldurup yok ediyorlardi. Mizkik Koyu'nde 
    Ismail adindaki kardesimi kursunla kafatasini parcalamak suretiyle 
    sehid ettiler. 60 yaslarinda Kurt Ahmet adinda bir ihtiyarin sungu 
    ile gobeginden, Esat adindaki oglunun da kilinc darbeleriyle 
    boynundan vurularak vahsiyane bir tarzda sehid edildigini...

   Ermenilerin, ayirarak Pasinler'e gonderdikleri ondort gencden ucu
   kacarak Goktas'a avdet ettiler. Bunlarin sozlerine gore iclerinden
   iki genc sungu ile parcalanmistir. Bu koyde sekiz dokuz yaslarinda
   kizlar da dahil oldugu halde butun kadinlarin namuslari cignendi.
   Koyde yirmiyedi ev tamamiyle yikilmistir. Goktas ahalisi bu 
   alcakliklari yapan Ermenilerin ekserisinin Tercanli olduklarini
   gormusler, bunlari sahsen tanidiklarini ifade etmislerdir. Antranik
   Pasa adiyla anilan Goturlu Aleksanoglu Antranik, Cilinizli Nisan, 
   Armenak Taku'nun oglu Olos, Masikoglu Sehak ve arkadaslari oldugunu
   tanimislardir. Ermeniler koyun camiini de tahrib ettikten sonra 
   ahira cevirerek kirletmisler ve boylece Islam'in mukaddesatina
   tecavuzden geri durmamislardir. 7 - 9 yaslari arasinda uc kiz
   cocugunun bikirleri izale edilmistir.

   Buradan Alirik koyune hareket ettik. Bu koy de zulum ve tecavuzlerin
   en muthisine sahne oldugunu acikca gosteriyordu. Koyun esraflarindan
   Mehmed Bey bazi koylulerle birlikte yemin ederek gorduklerini buyuk
   bir teessurle hikaye ettiler.'"



   Veysel Eroglu, _The Armenian Genocide of the Muslim People in Eastern
   Anatolia,_ Sebil Yayinevi, Istanbul, 1978.

pp. 177-180.

"Enva-i mezalim ve iskenceyle hapishaneye sokuluyor carsi ve pazarda
 bulunmiyanlarin zorla evlerine giriliyor. Para, kiymetli esya ve
 ziynetleri alindiktan sonra bir kismi kapilari onunde feci bir
 suretde katlediliyor. Diger kismi ise cesitli zulumlerle hapishaneye
 sevkolunuyor. Bu hale Subatin ucuncu sabahina kadar devam ediliyor.
 3 Subat sabahi musluman kadinlarinin da toplanmasina baslaniyor ve
 topladiklarindan ondort kadinla iki kizi, Salih Hamdi Efendi'nin
 ticarethanesi karsisindaki Haydar Bey'in ahsap oteline dolduruyorlar.

 Alaturka saat ucte mevkuflarin katli su surette icra edliyor. Ise 
 evvela Salih Hamdi Efendi'nin ticarethanesinde mevkuf bulunanlardan
 baslaniyor. Salih Hamdi Efendi'nin girildigi zaman sagdan birinci 
 odaya yirmiuc, soldan birinci odaya dort, ikinci odaya altmis, 
 ucuncu odaya elli ve boslugun nihayetindeki odalardan soldakine
 kirksekiz ve sagdakine sekiz ki, cem'an yuzdoksanuc can yerlestiriliyor.

 Evvela soldan birinci odada bulunan belediye reisi Hafiz Suleyman
 Efendi ile Kormas koylu Ahmed ve Abrasli Irfan ve Vagandali Piri odadan
 cikariliyor. Ellerinde bulunan sungu, balta ve demirle pek feci bir
 surette olduruluyor, muteakiben sirasiyla diger odalara gecerek ayni
 suretle mahpuslar katle baslaniyor. Gozleri onunde feci bir surette 
 ve vahsice arkadaslarinin katledildigini goren diger mahpuslar canhiras
 sadalarla bagiriyorlar ve kendilerine sira gelince mumkun mertebe
 nefislerini mudafaaya calisiyorlarsa da butun mudafaa imkanlarindan
 mahrum bulunmalari yuzunden iskence ve vahsetin en buyugune maruz 
 kalarak bin turlu mezalim arasinda terk-i hayat ediyorlar. Yalniz
 ikinci odada bulunan altmis kisiden Murad, Cavus, Sevki, Sarac, Hafiz
 ve Zahid mahallesinden Beydioglu Sadik (Ermeniler firar ettikten sonra
 yangin icinden cikarilmislar ve halen hayattadirlar) oluler arasina
 sokularak kendilerine olu vaziyeti vererek hayatlarini kurtarabiliyorlar.
 Sungu ve baltayla icra edilen fecaat kafi gelmiyormus gibi cenazeler
 uzerine gazyagi dokulmek ve ateslenmek suretiyle arada sikisik kalanlardan
 olmemis olanlar dahi yakiliyor.

 Buralarda fecaat sahneleri kapandiktan sonra boslugun nihayetindeki
 ve soldaki odada bulunan kirksekiz kisiye sira geliyor...[a disgusting
 story and a picture - uta]

 Bu feci sahne devam etmekteyken Haydar Bey'in oteline doldurulan ondort
 kadini bastan nihayete kadar soyduktan sonra ciplak bir halde Haydar
 Bey'in oteline bitisik Cavusoglu'nun oteline nakil ve birer birer
 katlettikten sonra oteli yakiyorlar."
  



   Veysel Eroglu, _The Armenian Genocide of the Muslim People in Eastern
   Anatolia,_ Sebil Yayinevi, Istanbul, 1978.

pp. 173-175.

"Karargahini Erzurum'un onuc kilometre batisinda Alaca Koyu'ne nakleden
 Osmanli Birinci Kafkas Kolordusu kumandani mezkur koyde Ermeni mezalimine
 dair gorduklerini su suretle naklediyor:

 a) Odalara doldurularak yakmaga tesebbus ettikleri musluman ahaliden
 ikiyuzyetmissekizi sehid edilmis, kirkikisi'nden cogu agir olmak 
 uzere yarali olarak bulundu.

 b) Ikiyuz yetmis sekiz sehid, kumes icerisinde, irzlarina tecavuzden sonra 
 oldurulerek, cigerleri duvarlara asilmis genc kizlar, karinlari desilmis
 hamile kadinlar, beyinleri akitilmis veyahud uzerlerine benzin dokulerek
 yakilmis cocuk ve erkekler mevcuttu.

 c) Ilica kasabasi da ayni akibete ugruyor. Burada yuzlerce masum mahv u 
 perisan oluyor. 

 Yek digeri takip eden bu facialar sistematik bir tarzda cereyan ediyor.
 Hasseten Cenes, Alaca, Ilica mezalimleri bilhassa tuyler urpetici ve 
 dehset verici bir tarzda islenmistir. Kadinlari duvara civilemek, o
 kalbleri cikarilarak duvarlara asmak, hamile kadinlarin cocuklari 
 cikarilarak kucaklarina verilmek gibi hunharca mezalim islenmistir.

 Ahmed Refik ise bu bolgedeki mezalimi soyle anlatiyor:

 'Ilica, muntazam ve buyukce bir koy. Erzurum ovasi buradan basliyor. 
  Ovanin solunda kalan koyler kamilen harab, Ilica'nin hamamlari 
  muntazam ve latif. Suyu o derece sicak degil. Ermeniler en ziyade
  burada mezalim yapmislar. Coluk cocuk, kadin erkek, koyun ahalisinden
  bir cogunu oldurmusler. Koyde tek bir kimse dahi kalmamis.'[35]

 Ermeni mezalimi sonunda Dogu Anadolu'da harabeden, yikilmis, sondurulmus
 ocaklardan baska birsey kalmamisti. Ahmed Refik'in musahadelerini 
 dikkatlerinize sunuyoruz.

 'Harabeler ortasindayim. Etrafimda turbeler yikilmis, camilerin 
  cinilerine varincaya kadar sokulmus. Evlerin yanmis direklerinden el'an 
  bogucu bir duman cikiyor. Ellerimi surdugum tuz cuvallari bile hala
  sicak...Burada benzin alevleri icinde bogucu dumanlar, kizgin atesler
  arasinda feryatlari ayyuka cikarak can veren Turkler, Ermeni zulmuyle
  perisan olmuslar, yanik direkler altinda yatiyorlar. Trabzon'dan 
  Erzurum'a kadar harabeden baska birsey gorulmuyor. Hicbir koyde, hicbir
  kulubede dahi canli bir mahluka tesaduf edilmiyor. Ermeni zulmunu simdi
  aclik takib etmis.'

 Ardasa'dan Erzincan'a kadar butun yol boyunca pak nadir olarak, ac ve
 perisan Turkler'e rastlaniyordu. Bir zamanlar kasabalari ve koyleri
 dolduran Turk halki adeta kokunden denecek derecede ortadan kalkmisti.
 Muhaceret ve olum, Anadolu'nun camlik tepelerinde, yesil ovalarinda
 tuten ocaklari sondurmus mahvetmisti. Moskoflarin geri cekilmeleri
 uzerine Ermeniler kasabalarda ve koylerde o derece tahribat yapmislardi
 ki; Trabzon'dan Kars'a kadar hicbir koyde yasayan bir can koymamislar,
 zaten toprak binalardan ibaret koyleri yakmislar, yikmislar, gerilerinde
 harabeden baska birsey birakmamislardi."

[35] Ahmed Refik, "Kafkas Yollarinda," sh. 35-36.



   Veysel Eroglu, _The Armenian Genocide of the Muslim People in Eastern
   Anatolia,_ Sebil Yayinevi, Istanbul, 1978.

pp. 170-173.

"Mamahatun (Tercan) istikametinde ilerliyen Turk kitalari, Mamahatun 
 kasabasinin kamilen denecek derecede yakilarak kasabanin yerle bir
 oldugunu ve ahalisinin evlere doldurularak yakmak, sungu ve kursunla
 oldurulmek suretiyle imha edilmis oldugunu gormustur. Mamahatun 
 kasabasi icinde ve civarinda sungu ve kursunla sehid edilip Turk 
 kitalari tarafindan toplattirilan masumlarin adedi ucyuzu buluyordu.

 Birinci Kafkas Kolordu Kumandani, Onbesinci Kolordu Kumandani 
 Tuggeneral Kazim Karabekir'in 15 Eylul'de Erzurum'a gelen Amerikali 
 General Harbord Hey'etine verdigi raporda Mamahatun'daki mezalimi 
 soyle anlatiyor:

 'Mufrezemiz 22 Subat'ta Mamahatun'u isgal etti. Burada sag kalan kimse
  bulunmadi. Butun ahalisi buyuk bir cukura doldurularak oldurulmustu;
  her taraf yaniyordu. Bunlari gozumle gordum. 25 Subat'ta bir kesif 
  kolumuzla Askale isgal edildi.

  Karargahimin bulundugu Alacakoyu'nde cenazeler insanin aklini 
  oynatacak bir haldeydi. Butun cocuklar sungulenmis; yaslilar ve 
  samanliklara doldurulup yakilmis gencler baltalarla parcalanmisti; 
  civilere asilmis ciger ve kalpler goruluyordu...' [usual horrifying 
  pictures of the Muslim women and children slaughtered by the Armenians
  - uta]

 Simdi de Erzincan - Erzurum arasinda Ermeni Mezalimini Ahmed Refik'in
 'Iki Komite Iki Kital' isimli eserinden nakledelim:

 'Anadolu sefalet icindeydi. Bican'da cocuk baslari goruluyor. 
  Mamahatun, parcalanmis evladlarini sinesine gommus, harab camileri, 
  yikilmis evleriyle adeta agliyordu. Ermeniler Akkoyunlulardan kalma 
  camii berhava etmisler ve ahaliden pek cogunu da oldurmuslerdi. 
  Asagida dere kenarinda genis bir cukur yuzlerce Turk oluleriyle 
  doluydu. Kokmus insan oluleri, elbiseleriyle, cariklariyla 
  birbirlerine karismisdi. Bu cesetlerin eriyen yaglari, ezilmis 
  baslari, kopmus kollari ve ayaklariyla yiginlar teskil ediyordu. 
  Sigircik kumeleri bu talihsiz olulerin etrafinda, soguktan kabaran 
  siyah tuyleriyle otusuyor ve ucusuyorlardi.

  Anadolu acliktan telef oluyordu. Yenikoy halki harabeler ortasinda
  ot yemekle mesguldu...Yollarda koy harabelerinden baska birsey 
  yoktu. Hicbir koyde bir tek insan gorulmuyordu. Yol kenarlarinda 
  insana muteallik tesaduf edilen seyler; kol, ayak, el, kelle
  parcalariydi. Koca Ilica hemen bombostu. Bu guzel yerleri sigircik
  kumelerinden baska hicbirsey senlendirmiyordu. Ilica halki Ermeniler
  tarafindan kamilen denecek derecede kana bogulmustu.'[34]

 Tazegul koy ahalisinden otuz kadin, cocuk katlolunuyor ve yirmibes 
 erkek de birlikte alinip goturuluyor ki, bunlarin da ayni elim akibete
 ducar olduklari anlasiliyor.

 Tilkitepe'sinin iki kilometre guneyinde Cenes koyu halkinin yakilmak
 ve sungulenmek ve hamile kadinlarin karinlari yarilarak cikarilan 
 cocuklar kucaklarina verilmek suretiyle pek feci ve seni bir surette
 sehid edilmis olduklari anlasildi.

 Oreni, kamilen yakilmis ve ahalisi tamamen katledilmistir."
 
[34] Ahmed Refik, "Iki Komite Iki Kital," sh. 73-74.



   Veysel Eroglu, _The Armenian Genocide of the Muslim People in Eastern
   Anatolia,_ Sebil Yayinevi, Istanbul, 1978.

pp. 673-769. 

Pictures of the Muslim women and children slaughtered by the Armenians
in Subatan village.

Picture of Erzincan, a Muslim city burnt and destroyed by the Armenians.

Pictures of the aged Muslims stabbed to death after having their eyes
gouged out by the Armenians.

Pictures of the corpses of massacred Muslims in the snow.

Pictures of the Muslim children massacred by the Armenians.

Pictures of the heaped corpses of butchered Muslim children by the
Armenians. 

Picture of another heap of slaughtered Muslim women and children by
the Armenians.

(so it goes...)

pp. 390-392.

"24 Mayis sali gunu buyucek bir koy olan Kurukale'ye gidildikte bu koyun
 Ermeniler tarafindan tamamen harab edildigi gorulmustur. Koyde hic kimse
 yoktur. Bu koyden ayrilip baska bir koye giderken Mijik koyunden ailesi
 ile birlikte goc eden 65 yaslarinda Kaya Mehmet adinda bir ihtiyara 
 rastlanildi. Bu zavalli bahtsiz adam, Ermenilerin zulmunden kurtulmak 
 icin Erzincan'a goc ediyordu. Bu adam, vilayet hukuk musaviri Kemal, ve
 Ilica nahiye Muduru Sukru Beylerin onunde yemin ederek sunlari soylemistir:

 'Kadinlari ve cocuklari taarruzdan korumak icin evlerin altindaki zahire
  kuyularina saklamaya mecbur olduk. Ermeniler, kadinlarimizi bulamayinca
  busbutun kudurarak oradaki butun erkekleri oldurduler. Yine Geyik 
  koyunde Ismail adindaki kardesim kursunla kafatasini parcalamak 
  suretiyle sehit edildi.

  60 yaslarinda Kurk Ahmet namindaki bir ihtiyarin sungu ile gobeginden
  ve Esad adindaki oglunun da kilic darbeleriyle boynundan vurularak 
  vahsi bir tarzda sehit edildigi gibi Sabit oglu Medet ve Ali oglu Aga
  ile Dursun oglu Husnu de her turlu iskence ve eziyetlerle oldurulduler.
  Bunlari bizzat gordum. Bu feci olaylar, gozumun onunden hic gitmiyor.
  Hele Dursun oglunun haremi Izzet Hatunu oyle bir vaziyette katlettiler
  ki, bunlari unutmak kabil degildir. Bicare kadinin bacak ve budunu
  adeta kiyma dograrcasina sungu ile parcaladilar.'

 Bu zavalli adam bunlari anlatirken mutemadiyen agliyor, gordugu korkunc
 facialarin etkisiyle heyecandan tir tir titriyordu.

 Ayni gun aksama dogru Terpusak koyune gittik. 70 lik uc dort ihtiyarla
 iskence yapilmis bir genc kiz bir kac kadindan baska kimse olmayan bu
 koyde, ihtiyarlardan Sadir oglu Musa ile Muhtar Huseyin, Suleyman oglu
 Hurrem yemin ettikten sonra sunlari anlattilar:

 'Ruslardan once Terpusak koyune gelen Ermeni cetelerinin yaptiklari 
  yagma ve gasp ile mezalim soylemekle bitmeyecek derecede coktur. 
  Ermeniler genc erkekleri birer birer sokaklarda kudurmus kopekler
  gibi katl ve itlafa basladilar. Kadinlara fiili seni (gayri mesru 
  bir sekilde irza tecavuz) icrasindan sonra turlu hakaret ederek 
  onlari oldurduler...'"



   A. Alper Gazigiray, _Muslim Archival Material on the Genocide 
   Perpetrated by the Armenians Against the Muslim people in Eastern 
   Anatolia,_ Gozen Kitabevi, Istanbul, 1982.

pp. 388-390.

"Ermeniler Bayburt'u terkettikleri gun kasabanin en guzel konak ve 
 magazalarindan 400 kadarini yakmislardir. 28 Subat gunu ekmeklik un
 dagitilacagini ilan ederek bir kisim kadin, erkek ve cocuklari 
 evvelce mahpushane yapilan buyuk bir binaya sokarak o binayi vahsiyane
 bir sekilde yakmislar ve ayni zamanda sokaklarda tesaduf ettikleri
 cocuk, kadin ve erkekleri sungu ve kursunla sehit etmek suretiyle
 her turlu fenaligi yapmislardir. Ermeniler bu zavalli insanlari 
 yakarken bunlarin imdat diye bagirislari ve inlemelerini bir musiki 
 nagmesi gibi karsilayarak eglenceler yapmislar ve bununla da 
 yetinmeyerek binanin icine bacalarindan iceriye el bombasi ve 
 pencerelerden de kursunlar yagdirmislardir. Insanlik aleminin simdiye 
 kadar sahit olmadigi ve tarihin hic bir devirde kaydetmedigi bir 
 sekilde yakilan ve katledilen gorulmemis iskencelerle yok edilen bu 
 Turk halkinin mevcudu 500 den fazla idi. Bunlardan baska kasaba icinde 
 300 kadar yarali kadin, erkek ve cocugun askeri doktorlarimiz 
 tarafindan tedavisine ve yaralarinin sarilmasina baslanmistir.

 Vehip Pasa da bas komutanlik vekaletine bir rapor vermistir: Ayni
 dosyanin 51 nci bolgesini teskil eden bu rapor soyledir:

 'Bugun Erzincan'a geldim. Cardakli bogazindan Erzincan'a kadar olan
  bahcelerin agaclari kesilmis, koylerden bir kisi dahi saglam 
  kalmamistir. Erzincan'da isledikleri facialari insanlik tarihi 
  bugune kadar kaydetmemistir. Uc gunden beri Ermeniler tarafindan
  oldurulerek meydanda kalan cenazeler toplattirilmaktadir. Sehit 
  edilen gunahsiz halk arasinda memeden kesilmemis cocuklar, 90 yasini
  ikmal etmis ihtiyarlar, parcalanmis kadinlar vardir. Bunlarin 
  fotograflari aldirilmaktadir [pictures are available in the 
  book if you have the stomach - uta]. Vakalar hakkinda tutanaklar 
  tutulacaktir.'

 9 uncu Ordu Komutani Yakup Sevki Pasa da Erivan bolgesi hakkinda su 
 raporu gondermisti: 

 'Ermeni kit'alarinin Erivan guney dogusundaki demir yolunun hemen 
  dogusundaki bolgede bulunan Vedi ve Serdar abad kasabalari civarina 
  gelerek islam halkini katlettikleri ve esraftan Ali zade Demir 
  Beyle, Fethi Bey zade Bedri Bey'lerin de bu maktuller arasinda
  bulunduklari bu arada bir cok halki katleyledikleri, bunlardan
  600 kadarinin Aras nehrinin dogusuna kacarak perisan bir halde
  Dogu Beyazid'a geldikleri ve Ermenilerin islam halki keserek
  ilerledikleri bildirilmistir. Nahcivan bolgesinde de bir cok 
  islam halk Ermeniler tarafindan sehit edilmistir. Nahcivan'in 
  kuzeyinde Elmali denilen yerde 683 ve buna yakin diger bir koyde 
  de 516 kisi katledilmistir. Bu esnada genc ve guzel kadinlari da
  ayirarak bunlarin irzlarina gectikleri ve diger bir kisim kadin
  kafilesini de evlere doldurark yaktiklari ogrenilmistir.'

 Birinci Dunya Harbinde yapilan Ermeni mezalimi daha ziyade Erzurum,
 Van, Bitlis, Diyarbakir, Trabzon vilayetlerinde yapildigindan, bu
 vilayetlerdeki mezalimden toplanabilenleri asagiya cikarilmistir.
 Bunlar yapilan mezalimin pek azini teskil eder. Hepsini toplamak
 cok zamana ihtiyac gosterdigi gibi, ciltler ve kitaplar dolduracagindan
 bu sebeble yalniz bir fikir vermek uzere bu kadarcikla yetinilmistir."
 


   Veysel Eroglu, _The Armenian Genocide of the Muslim People in 
   Eastern Anatolia,_ Sebil Yayinevi, Istanbul, 1978.

pp. 169-170.

"Ermeni Mezalimi'nin Erzincan'daki canli sahidi Haci Dursun'un bu 
 kitabin yazarina aglayarak anlattiklarini arzediyorum:

 'Erzincan'da ahaliyi kisim kisim toplamaya Ruslar'in cekilmesinden
  bir ay sonra basladilar. Once imamlari ve muhtarlari Devekuru'ya 
  yol yapma bahanesiyle topladilar. Fakat bunlari Kilise Meydanindaki
  Kiliseye goturup aksam oldugunda onar kisilik kafileler halinde kuyu
  baslarina getirip davar keser gibi kestiler. Sonra diger halki da 
  emsaliyle toplayip ayni hunharca mezalimi irtikap ettiler.

  Kactiklari gunu Tilhas'li Mahmud Efendi'nin coluk ve cocugunu 
  dogradilar. Sipyatagi'li Hoca'nin dort oglunu kursunladilar. Jandarma
  Yuzbasisi Memduh ve hemsiresini Tasci Mahallesindeki evlerinde
  katlettiler. 

  Isledikleri katliam korkunctur. Mesela Kanligol Mahallesinde bir adami
  oldurdukten sonra duvar kenarina dayamislar, gogsunu yarip cigerlerini
  ve girtlagini cikarip girtlagini agzina, cigerlerini de kucagina 
  vermislerdi.

  Osmanli Ordusu sehri kurtardiginda Kilise Meydaninin civarindaki 
  harabe ve arsalarin Ermeniler tarafindan katledilen muslumanlarin 
  cesetleriyle tiklim tiklim dolu oldugunu gorduk. Erzincan ahalisinin 
  takriben %90'ini coluk, cocuk, kadin ve ihtiyar demeden katlettiler. 
  %10'u ancak mucize eseri kurtulabildi.'

 Dursun Dayi'nin kalbi yaraliydi. Aradan gecen yarim asirdan fazla zaman
 bu yarayi kapatamamisti.

 Mamahatun istikametinde ilerliyen Turk kitalari, Mamahatun (Tercan) 
 kasabasinin kamilen denecek derecede yakilarak kasabanin yerle bir 
 oldugunu ve ahalisinin evlere doldurularak yakmak, sungu ve kursunla 
 oldurulmek suretiyle imha edilmis oldugunu gormustur. Mamahatun 
 kasabasi icinde ve civarinda sungu ve kursunla sehid edilip Turk 
 kitalari tarafindan toplattirilan masumlarin adedi ucyuzu buluyordu."





 Dr. Kirzioglu M. Fahrettin, _The Armenian Genocide of the Muslim 
 People in Kars Province,_ Kardes Matbaasi, Ankara, 1970. 

pp. 83-86.

Kazim Karabekir:

"Gectigim yerlerde hayat kalmadigini goruyordum. Karargah'imin bulundugu
 Alacakoyu'nde, cenazeler, insanin aklini oynatacak bir halde idi: Butun
 cocuklar sungulenmis; yaslilar ve kadinlar samanliklara doldurulup 
 yakilmis, gencler baltalarla parcalanmisti; civilere asilmis ciger ve
 kalpler goruluyordu. 

 Erzurum'da oyle acikli manzaralar gorduk ki, insani insanliktan 
 igrendiriyordu: Halk, gozyaslari ile suraya - buraya kosup kimi oglunu,
 kimi babasini, kimi karisini sungulenmis veya yakilmis buluyor, saclarini
 yoluyordu. Bircok sokaklarda, hic hayat gorunmuyordu: Yerlerde cocuk, kadin,
 yasli kanlar icinde yatiyordu. Yalniz son gece (11-12 Mart) uc bin Musluman 
 kestiklerini, iyice ogunerek Ermeniler, Ruslara'a da anlatmislar; bunu,
 Yarbay Twerdo-Khlebof Rapor'unda ('Hatira'sinda) nesretmistir. Demiryolu
 Istasyonu'nda, sanki bir mezarlik olulerini disariya firlatmisti. Cenazeler
 arasindan gecerek, bu kiyiciliklari gorduk. Hele (Resul Beyin Konagi basta
 olmak uzere), icerisine insanlari doldurup birlikte yaktiklari karsilikli
 binalar, insani titretiyordu.

 8 Nisan'da Kagizman'i isgal eden bir mufrezemiz, Islam ahaliden dortyuz
 kisinin sokaklarda olduruldugunu; bu cinayetin yapilmasi icin: 'Artik 
 kardes olduk, silahlarinizi veriniz; birbirimize bir kotuluk yapmiyacagiz'
 diyerek, silahlari topladiktan sonra kirgin'a baslamis olduklarini 
 bildirdi (bu arada, 1893 dogumlu ve essiz degerde cok kudretli bir sair
 olan Kagizmanli Hafiz Receb Hifzi de, Carsi Mahallesindeki Mahbushane'ye
 doldurulup sungu ile sehid edilen yuzlerce Turk arasinda, iki sungu 
 yarasi basindan ve bir sungu yarasi da gogsunden alarak olum halindeyken
 dize cokup - 'Allah, Allah' diye zikretmekte iken 8 Nisan'da gorulup  
 bir eve goturulmusse de, ertesi gun gece vakti sehid olmustur)." 




   A. Alper Gazigiray, _Muslim Archival Material on the Genocide 
   Perpetrated by the Armenians Against the Muslim people in Eastern 
   Anatolia,_ Gozen Kitabevi, Istanbul, 1982.

pp. 386-388.

"Ermeniler tarafindan tamamen tahrip edilen kasabada hic bir bina yoktur.
 Ruslarin cephane anbari yaptiklari cami dinamitle ucurulmustur. Mamahatun
 [Tercan - uta] turbesi yakilmistir. Kasaba bir harabedir. Her taraf musluman
 oluleriyle doludur. Yalniz kasabada Ermenilerin oldurdukleri coluk cocugun
 miktari yediyuz'e yukselmistir. Cesetlerin bazilarini hendek kenarlarinda
 kollari bagli olarak birakmislardir. Bir coklarinin baslari balta ile 
 kesilmistir.

 Halk Ruslardan hicbir fenalik gormemistir. Butun cinayetler ve tahribat
 Ruslarin cekilmesinden sonra Ermeniler tarafindan yapilmistir. Ruslarin
 biraktiklari erzak ve malzeme, kasabayi mudafaa eden Ermeniler tarafindan
 yakilmistir.

 Erzurum mezalimi hakkinda verilen diger bir raporda, yuz kadar konagin
 icine ikiser ucer yuz kisilik insanlarin doldurularak konaklarin atese
 verildigi bildirilmektedir. Bu hesaba gore Yalniz Erzurum'da Ermenilerin
 bu surette yaktiklari insanlarin miktari 10 bin'den fazla oldugu
 anlasilmaktadir. Bunlardan baska Erzurum sokaklarinda ve evlerde toplanan
 cenazelerin miktarinin dort binden fazla oldugu anlasilmistir.

 Bu raporlarin kapsadigi bilgiler, yabanci gazete muhabirleri tarafindan
 aynen gorulmustur.

 Dogu grubu komutani Yakup Sevki Pasa tarafindan 29 Mayis tarihinde Ermeni 
 mezalimi hakkinda bas komutanlik vekaletine yazilan yazilar soyledir:

 'Rus ordusunun terhisinden sonra cephenin Ermeniler tarafindan isgaline
  baslandigi gunden itibaren bugune kadar Ermeniler islam koylerini yakip
  yikmislar ve katliam etmislerdir. Erivan, Kars, Kagizman, Sarikamis kismen
  Ardahan bolgesindeki butun koylerdeki halkin cogunun katledildigi ve 
  koylerin tahrip olundugu ogrenilmistir. Ermenilerin simdiye kadar yaptiklari
  mezalim ve facialar sayilmayacak kadar coktur. Leninakan'da 500 araba ile
  baska yere nakledilmekte olan 3000 kadar islam ahaliyi Ermeniler yollarda
  tamamen katletmislerdir.

  Arpacay kazasinin Melik koyu bolgesindeki koyler tamamen yakilmis ve
  ahalisi katliam edilmistir. Suragel nahiyesi bolgesinde 67 koy halki 
  Ermeniler tarafindan tamamen katledilmistir.

  Kagizman dogusundaki Kulp ve civarinda 1000 kisi iki makineli tufek iki
  top'tan murekkep bir Ermeni kuvveti Kolp ve Erivan bolgesindeki koyler
  halkini kamilen oldurmustur.'"



   A. Alper Gazigiray, _Muslim Archival Material on the Genocide 
   Perpetrated by the Armenians Against the Muslim people in Eastern 
   Anatolia,_ Gozen Kitabevi, Istanbul, 1982.

pp. 384-385.

"Ayni dosyada, Ermeni cetelerinden ortalama 2000 kisilik bir kuvvettin 
 Akcaabad kasabasini isgal ederek kasabanin muslumanlarini vahsiyane
 bir surette katliam ettikleri yazilidir. Bu caniler, musluman kadinlarin
 baslarini kesmisler ve erkeklerle kadinlarin parcalanan cesetlerini 
 ve muhtelif azalarini pek cirkin bir surette teshir eylemislerdir.

 17 sayili dosyada da, 1000 kadar Ermeni eskiyasinin alti adet toplariyla
 birlikte 2 Mayis tarihinde Yenikoy yolu uzerinden Dogu'ya cekilirken
 yol uzerinde rastladiklari 300 kadar silahsiz ve mudafaasiz Turk halkini 
 katliam ettikleri ve yaktiklari yazilmistir.

 Ermeniler Turk ordusunun baskisi altinda Erzurum'dan cekildikten sonra
 burada oldurulmus bir cok halka tesaduf edilmistir. Bu zavallilar 
 gorulmemis olarak yollarin uzerinde yatmakta idiler. Sokaklardan, evlerden,
 dukkanlardan, bahcelerden ve ahirlardan toplattirilarak 312 ceset 
 defnedilmistir. Bunlarin icinde yirmisi kadin, 71'i on yasina kadar
 muhtelif cocuk, 19 beyaz sakalli ihtiyarlar vardi, geri kalan 202 kisi
 genc erkeklerden ibaretti.

 Rus yuzbasisi Kazimir ifadesinde yalniz kendisinin, 800 Turkun sehit
 edildigini gozleriyle gormus oldugunu bildirmistir. Bu rapor da Vehib
 Pasa tarafindan Baskomutanliga bildirilmistir.

 Erzincan, Bayburt, Torul, Gumushane, Vakfikebir, Akcaabad sehir ve
 kasabalari bir katliam sahnesi halini almistir. Erzincan ve Bayburt'ta
 bulunan Ermeni elebasilarindan Murat ve Arsak adindaki caniler bu son
 gunlerde binlerce islam halki evlere doldurark yakmislar ve bir coklarini
 da feci bir sekilde sungulemislerdir.

 Ermeniler, Sarikamis yolunda calisan 500 Turk askerini katletmislerdir.
 Ahil Kelek'te Ermeniler 10,000 muslumani katletmislerdir.

 Erivan vilayetinde 40 koy yakilmistir. Ermenilerin Rusya dahilindeki 
 Azerbaycan muslumanlarini da katliam ettikleri alinan son haberlerden
 ogrenilmistir.

 Ermeniler Ilica nahiyesinde de cok katliam yapmislar, 365 erkek sungulenmis,
 kuyulardan da 15 kadin cesedinin cikarildigi ve sokaklarda analari, babalari
 oldurulmus kimsesiz cocuklara rastlandigi Baskomutanlik vekaletine raporla
 bildirilmistir."



   A. Alper Gazigiray, _Muslim Archival Material on the Genocide 
   Perpetrated by the Armenians Against the Muslim people in Eastern 
   Anatolia,_ Gozen Kitabevi, Istanbul, 1982.

pp. 382-383.

"3 uncu Ordu Komutani Vehib Pasa da verdigi raporda, Rus uniformali 
 Ermeni cetelerinin Turk koylerini bastigi ve kadinlarin irzlarina 
 gectikleri ve katliam yaptiklari bildirilmisti. Yine Vehip Pasa'nin 
 bildirdigine gore; Torol'un uc kilometre kadar guneyindeki bir Turk 
 koyunu Ermeni ceteleri basarak evleri yakmislar ve halki da katliam 
 etmislerdir. Ayrica Erzincan'in 18 kilometre guney dogusunda Zeggic 
 koyunun de evleri yakilmis ve halki katledilmistir.

 Ucuncu Ordu Komutanligina yazilan bir raporda da; 'Rus ordusunun geri 
 alinan kisimlari yerine gecen Ermenilerin Islam halka mezalim ve 
 iskence yaptiklari ve bir cok yerlerde katliamlara basladiklari 
 ogrenilmistir.' denilmektedir.

 Ermeniler Erzincan'da halkin evlerinden disari cikmalarini ve bir 
 koyden diger bir koye gitmelerini siddetle yasaklamislar ve suclu 
 diye evlerden topladiklari Turkleri suraya buraya goturup oldurdukleri 
 cesetleri ozellikle kiliseler civarinda actiklari cukurlara gomdukleri 
 anlasilmistir.

 Bu hal gosteriyor ki Ermeniler Turk varligini yok etmege azmetmis 
 bulunmaktadirlar.

 Kars ve havalisinden cekilen Ermenilerin Gumru ve Revan (Erivan) 
 taraflarindaki Islam halkin mezalim ve iskencelerle olduruldugu Birinci
 Kolordu Komutanligindan bildirilmistir.

 Yakup Sevki Pasa yazdigi raporda; 'Ermeniler kamilen kaciyorlar, 
 biraktiklari bolgede hayat kalmamistir. Bunlarin simdiye kadar doktugu 
 kan, yaktigi can ve sondurdugu ocaklar oyle buyuk bir dereceye 
 varmistir ki, tarife imkan yoktur.' diyor.

 ...Gece sabaha karsi Vahit Beyin konaginda 1500'e yakin musluman 
 toplanmisti. Ermeniler konagin her tarafini atese verdiler. Yanmamak 
 icin kendilerini pencereden atmak isteyenler konagi abluka etmis 
 bulunan Ermenilerin kursun ve sungusu ile olduruldu (13 Nisan). 
 Bugunlerde Ermeniler, Kal'a kislasina ve uc buyuk konaga kadin, cocuk 
 doldurarak yaktilar ve sehir icinde 1000 kadar ev tahrib edilmis ve 
 yakilmistir. Ermeniler, halki imha etmek icin toplarken evlere 
 kapilari kirarak zorla girmisler ve kadinlarin namuslarina tecavuz 
 etmislerdir.

 Ucuncu Ordu Komutani Vehib Mehmet Pasa tarafindan Baskomutanliga 
 yazilan bu raporda Ermenilerin Turkleri tamamen imha etmege karar 
 vermis olduklari da bildirilmektedir."



   A. Alper Gazigiray, _Muslim Archival Material on the Genocide 
   Perpetrated by the Armenians Against the Muslim people in Eastern 
   Anatolia,_ Gozen Kitabevi, Istanbul, 1982.

pp. 267-268.

"Van'dan sonra ilk isyan Sebinkarahisar'da basladi. 1915 senesi 5 
 haziran da, Sivasli Murat [Hamparsum Boyaciyan - uta] denilen bir 
 caninin emri altinda 500 kadar cete Sebinkarahisari basti. Burasi o 
 zaman en onemli askeri bir yerdi. Erzurum bolgesinde Rus ordusu ile 
 savasan Osmanli Ordularinin butun ikmal araclari buradan gecmekte idi. 
 Ermeniler boyle onemli bir yer isgal ettikleri takdirde Turk 
 ordularinin ikmali yapilamayacak ve Rus Ordularinin harekati 
 kolaylasacakti. Sebinkarahisarin islam mahalleleri tamamen atese 
 verildi. Her rastlanan Turk iskence ile olduruldu.

 Mus'da ayni sekilde isyan devam ediyordu. Sason daglari Ermeni 
 eskiyalariyla dolu idi. Bu isyanlari, ordunun arkasini vurmak ve Rus 
 Ordusunun ilerlemesini saglamak icin Ermenilerin pasa dedikleri Rupen 
 idare ediyordu. Bundan baska, Rus Ordularinin Rus - Turk sinirindan 
 gecerek Turk topraklarina girdikleri bu safhada Rus Ordusu icinde 
 bulunan Ermeni gonullu alaylariyla Rus Ordularinin isgali altina giren 
 Ermeni koylerindeki silahli halk, Turk koylerine hucum ederek bu 
 koyleri yakip yikmislar ve Turk halkini hatira gelmeyen mezalim ve 
 iskence ile oldurmulerdir. [Yet another annoying picture of the 
 slaughtered innocent Muslim children by the Armenians]

p. 285.

"Bu suretle sehirde 23 gun cok kanli olaylar cereyan etti, bu sure 
 sonunda Van, Ermeniler tarafindan tamamen isgal olundu. Buradan 
 kacabilen Turklerin, Ermenilerin davranislari hakkinda verdikleri 
 haberler tuyler urpertici idi. Cunku isyancilar halkin cogunu oldurmus,
 kadinlarin irzina gecmis, Turk kadin ve kizlarini bazi evlerde 
 topladiktan sonra buralarini Genelev haline getirmislerdir. O zaman 
 Van'da 1500 kadar kadin ve cocuktan baska Turk kalmamis, bunlari da 
 oradaki Amerikalilar korumustur. Sehir bastan basa harab olmus, carsi 
 kamilen yanmisti."



   A. Alper Gazigiray, _Muslim Archival Material on the Genocide 
   Perpetrated by the Armenians Against the Muslim people in Eastern 
   Anatolia,_ Gozen Kitabevi, Istanbul, 1982.

pp. 260-261.

"Van isyaninda gerek Van sehri ve civari Ermenilere birakildigi zaman, 
 gerek Turk halkinin yollarda kacarken maruz kaldigi facianin toplami 
 hakkinda, bunca arastirmalara ragmen tam ve kesin bir bilgi elde 
 edilememistir. Fakat yukarda isaretlendigi gibi yalniz Van sehri 
 halkindan 10,000 Turk oldugune gore, civardaki kasaba ve koylerden 
 kacan halktan da en asagi 20,000 Turkun oldurulmus oldugu kabul 
 edilebilir.

 Van isyani, Turk milleti icin unutulacak bir olay degildir. O, erkek, 
 kadin, ihtiyar, cocuk on binlerce cana nasil kiyilmis oldugunu 
 gosteren cok acikli bir trajedi sahnesidir. En buyuk bir facia, en 
 buyuk bir vahset ve cinayet sahnesidir. 

 Sefalet o derecede idi ki 1915 senesinin yaz aylarinda bir yandan tifo,
 tifus, dizanteri ve kolera gibi bulasici hastaliklar; ote yandan aclik,
 halkin bircogunun yollarda perisan olmasina sebebiyet veriyor ve 
 yollar cesetlerle dolmus bulunuyordu. Yiyecek temini, bir sey bulmak 
 mumkun olmadigi gibi icecek su dahi yoktu. Cunku 70 km. uzunlugundaki 
 Bitlis deresi, cekilmege calisan zavalli Turklerin cesetleri ile dolu 
 bir halde idi. O billur gibi akan ve hayat kaynagi olan Bitlis 
 deresinin bircok yerleri adeta kan rengine burunmustu. Ozellikle 
 derenin kenarlarinda toplanmis olan su birikintilerinde yeni dogmus 
 yavrularin cesetlerini ve bir cok kan pihtilarini gormek ne kadar 
 aciydi.

 Bu asil Turk milletinin geceli gunduzlu ac ve sefil bir halde yuruyen
 en asagi on binlerce zavalli evlatlarini Siirt, Diyarbakir yollarinin 
 birlestigi, ziyaret denilen Veyselkarani Turbesinin bulundugu vadi
 duzlugune geldigi zaman, durumun fecaatini buyuk bir uzuntu ile 
 seyrettim. Bu duzluk basi sarili, hasta yatan ve acliktan iskelet 
 haline gelmis insanlarla tamamen dolu idi. Inleyen bir kalabalik, bir 
 taraftan hastalikla mucadele ederken, diger taraftan da esyasiz ve 
 cirilciplak terk ettigi evini, tarlalarini ve oradan getiremedigi aile 
 efradini dusunerek buyuk izdirap icinde olduklari yasli gozlerinden 
 anlasiliyordu. Biz bu hale mi dusecektik? Her seyimizi verdigimiz, 
 kendilerine tamamen itimat ettigimiz bu Ermeni canileri bize bunu da 
 mi yapacaklardi? Diyerek agliyorlardi.

 Buradan bir kisim halk Diyarbakir'a, bir kismi da Siirt'e gitmeyi 
 kararlastirarak bu istikametlerde yollarina devam etmeye basladilar, 
 kacmak lazimdi. Cunku Ermeniler Rus Ordusu ile beraber durmadan 
 Turkleri oldurmege geliyorlardi."




   Veysel Eroglu, _The Armenian Genocide of the Muslim People in 
   Eastern Anatolia,_ Sebil Yayinevi, Istanbul, 1978.

p. 195.

A disgusting picture of the Muslim women and children slaughtered by 
the Armenians.

"Erzurum - Ilica arasi yollar boyle mudafaasiz Turk kadin ve 
 cocuklarinin parcalanmis cesetleriyle doldurulmustu."

p. 227.

Yet another vilely picture of the butchered Muslim women and children 
by the Armenians.

"Kars'ta Ermeni komiteleri tarafindan birbirlerine baglanarak katledilen
 masumlar."

p. 183.

"Ruslardan once Terpusek'e gelen Ermeni ceteleri'nin yaptiklari yagma
 ve gasp ile zulumler soylemekle bitmeyecek derecede coktur. Ermeniler
 genc erkekleri birer birer sokaklarda kudurmus kopekler gibi oldurmeye
 ve yok etmeye basladilar. Kadinlari, alcak hareketi yaptiktan sonra
 cesitli hakaretlerle vahsetlerden haric birakmadilar."

p. 210.

"Erzurum'un kuzeyine cekilen Ermeni kitalarindan bir kismi, o havaliyi
 de bir katliam sahnesine cevirmislerdir. Bilhassa Erzurum'un kuzeyinde
 Ergenis koyunden kadin cocuk ihtiyar demeksizin elli musluman 
 katledildikten sonra koy kamilen yakilmistir. Erzurum'un dogusundaki
 ova koylerinde Ermeniler tarafindan pek cok kizlarin namusuna tecavuz
 ve pek seni muameleler tatbik olundugu ve bir kisminin da birlikte 
 alinip goturuldugu anlasilmistir.

 Hosan, Kalcak ahalisinden elli erkegin Kumkum'da cesetleri bulunmustur.
 Makalisor koyu ahalisi ve Kumkum'daki butun erkekler yol yaptirilmak
 bahanesiyle goturulmus ve bunlarin akibetleri mechul kalmistir.     
 Ermeniler Kumkum'u, kasabada bulunan yirmi kadin ve cocugu katlettikten
 sonra terketmislerdir."



   Neside Kerem Demir, _The Crime of Genocide Committed by the 
   Armenians Against the Muslim People,_ Hulbe Basim ve Yayin 
   T.A.S., Ankara, 1979. 

pp. 116-117.

"Ilica kasabasindan kacamayan Turkler'in hepsinin oldurulmus oldugunu ve
 kor baltalarla enselerinden kesilmis bircok cocuk cenazesi gordugunu
 bizzat Odiselidze soyledi. Ilica kirginindan uc hafta sonra oradan donen
 Yarbay Griyaznof, gorduklerini soyle anlatti:

 'Koylere giden yollarda, uzuvlari tahrip edilmis bircok cenazeye rastladim.
 Her gecen Ermeni, bu cesetlere bir kere soger ve tukururmus. 12 - 15 sajen
 (25.5 - 31.9 metre) karelik cami avlusunda iki arsin (142 santim) 
 yuksekliginde cenaze yigilmisti. Bunlarin arasinda her yasta kadin, erkek,
 cocuk ve yaslilar vardi. Kadin cenazelerinde zorla irza gecme izleri, pek
 belli bir halde idi. Bircok kadin ve kizlarin tenasul yerlerine, tufek
 fisegi sokulmustu...Ermeniler, bir kadini canli oldugu halde, duvara 
 civilemisler; sonra gogsunu oyup, basinin ustune asmislar.'"