THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF ECONOMY IN THE USSR ACCORDING TO THE
MATERIALS OF THE CPSU CONGRESSES (XVII-XXI)

Let's analyze the table of the movement of the economical crisis in the capitalist countries and the "rise of the economical achievements in the USSR" relying on materials of the CPSU congresses.

17th CPSU congress (Jan. 26 - Feb. 10, 1934) Volume of industrial production in % by 1929

Countries\Years

1929

1930

1931

1932

1932

USSR

100,0

129,7

161,9

184,7

201,6

USA

100,O

80,7

68,1

53,8

64,9

ENGLAND

100,0

92,4

83,8

83,8

86,1

GERMANY

100,0

88,3

71,7

59,8

66,8

FRANCE

100,0

100,7

89,2

69,1

77,4

"As you see, this table talks for itself. At the time, when the industri of the main capitalist countries was falling from year to year in comparison with the 1929 level, and started to recover only in 1933 still not reaching the 1929 level, the industry of the USSR rose from year to under going a process of continuos rise.

While the industry of the main capitalist countries shows an average cut of the volume of their production by the end of 1933 as compared to 1929 for 25% or more, the industry of the USSR rose, in the same period of time, for more than twice i.e. for more than 100%.

According to this table England may seem to be in the best condition. But it isn't so. If we compare the industry of these countries with the pre-war period level we'll get a completely different view. Volume of industrial production in % by the pre-war period. *

Countries\Years

1913

1929

1930

1931

1932

1933

USSR

100,0

194,3

252,1

314,7

359,0

391,9

USA

100,0

170,2

137,3

115,9

91,4

110,2

ENGLAND

100,0

99,1

91,5

83,0

82,5

85,1

GERMANY

100,0

113,0

99,8

81,0

67,6

75,4

FRANCE

100,0

139,0

140,0

124,0

96,1

107,6

"As you can see, the industry of England and Germany still hasn't reached the pre-mar period while that of the US and France has gone up for a few percents. The USSR has raised its industrial production for more than 290 %.

These tables bring us to one more conclusion. At the time when the industry of the main capitalist countries was continually going down, starting in 1930 and especially since 1931 - reaching the lowest point in 1932, in 1933 it started to improve a little.

If we analyze the monthly data from 1932 to 1933 then once again they will prove this conclusion, for they tell us that the industry of these countries, in spite of the ups and downs in production didn't show any signs of bringing the fluctuation down to the lowest point that existed in the summer of 1932.

What does this mean?

This means that the industry of the main capitalist countries most probably has passed the point of the worst crisis of which it never returned during 1933".*

The analysis of the rise of Soviet industry is shown in the following tables:


The specific weight of the gross output in national economy in % (in prices);
The specific weight of the two main groups of the branches of largescale industry (in prices);
Group A (Implements and means of production);
Group B ( means of consumption);
The specific weight of certain branches of industry in % by the results of gross output;
The gross output of large-scale industry according to social sectors (state, cooperative, private).

Relying on the analysis carried out, the present main shortages in the development of the national economy are defined and the immediate tasks are formulated.

The analysis of the development of agriculture can be tracked by the following tables:


The land under cultivation for all the cultures throughout the USSR;
The land under cultivation for industrial crops;
The gross output of cereal and industrial crops (in mines of double centners);
The live-stock;
Collectivization;
Land under cultivation by sectors (collective farms, state farms, private);

Tractor parking (in thousands of pieces).

The population growth and the rise of the national profit in the USSR are also given here.

18th CPSU Congress (March 10-21, 1939)
Volume of industrial production in % by 1929

Countries\Years

1929

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

USSR

100,0

238,3

293,4

382,3

424,0

477,0

USA

100,0

66,4

75,6

88,1

92,2

72,0

England

100,0

98,8

105,8

115,9

123,7

112,0

France

100,0

71,0

67,4

79,3

82,8

70,0

ITALY

100,0

80,0

93,8

87,5

99,6

96,0

GERMANY

100,0

79,8

94,0

106,3

117,2

125,0

JAPAN

100,0

128,7

141,8

151,8

170,8

165,0

The conclusion from this table is that the USSR is the only country in the world which never under goes crisises and the industry of which continuously goes up. A serious economical crisis has started and is developing in the US, England, France, Japan, Germany and Italy have turned to war economy.

Italy and Japan did the same earlier than Germany and therefore their industry started to roll down already in 1938. While at that time "the industry in Germany was moving up".

Rise of industry in the USSR & the main capitalist countries

Countries\Years

1913

1933**

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

USSR

100,0

380,5

457,0

562,6

732,7

816,4

908,8

USA

100,0

108,7

112,9

128,6

149,8

156,9

120,0

ENGLAND

100,0

87,0

97,1

104,0

114,2

121,9

113,3

GERMANY

100,0

75,4

90,4

105,9

118,1

129,3

131,6

FRANCE

100,0

107,0

99,0

94,0

98,0

101,0

93,2

"This table shows us that our industry has gone up as compared to the pre-war level for more that nine times, while the industry of the main capitalist countries is still at its pre-war level, with a change of only 20-30%. This means that the growth rates of our socialist industry brings us to the first place in the world.

Where are we unable to keep pace with others?

We are still behind the others economically, i.e. in the relation between the size of our industrial production per head...

The history of industry of the main capitalist countries and also of our own country shows that the rate of the annual increase is strenuous, but completely achievable."*

For the following congress as for the previous one the same scheme of the analysis is used.

19th CPSU Congress (October 5-14, 1952)
Rise of industrial products in the USSR and in the capitalist countries in % by 1929.

Countries\Years

1929

1939

1943

1946

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

USSR

100,0

552

573

466

571

721

870

1082

1266

USA

100,0

99

217

155

170

175

160

182

200

ENGLAND

100,0

123

---

112

121

135

144

157

160

FRANCE

100,0

80

---

63

74

85

92

92

104

ITALY

100,0

108

---

72

93

97

103

118

134

According to the table the volume of industrial production in the USSR in 1951 has gone up for almost 13 times in comparison with 1929. "The soviet post-war industry, as well as the pre-war industry, is going up on the basis of peacful industry". From the table above one can see, that the US industry has gone up during World War II, then gone considerably down and up as a result of the war against the Koreans and the turning to arm's race. This is how it has gone up twice in 1951 as compared to 1929.

Afterwards, according to the table analysis of the rise of industrial production in % the USSR by 1940, the reasons of falling back are discovered. Defined the achievements are marked and the immediate tasks. There is no table analysis for the agriculture. Still in general the same scheme of analysis is used as during the previous congresses. It is just a bit simplified. It should be mentioned that at this congress the main and the other economical laws of socialism were the main larget and this in fact should have defined the basis for a deeper analysis.

20th CPSU Congress (February 14-25, 1956)
Volume of industrial production in the USSR & in capitalist countries in % by 1929***

Countries\Years

1929

1937

1943

1946

1949

1950

1952

1955

USSR

100,0

429

573

466

870

1082

1421

2049

ALL.Cap.

100,0

104

---

107

130

148

164

193

Including

               

USA

100,0

103

215

153

164

190

210

234

ENGLAND

100,0

124

---

118

144

153

153

181

FRANCE

100,0

82

---

63

92

92

108

125

ITALY

100,0

99

---

72

108

124

148

194

WEST GER.

100,0

114

---

35

93

117

150

213

JAPAN

100,0

169

231****

51

101

115

173

239

"These data show that in a quarter of a century, or more precisely in 26 years, in spite of the losses suffered by national economy of the USSR due to the war, the industrial production has gone up for more than 20 times. While in the US, which has been in exceptionally favorable conditions, the industry has gone up for only a little more than twice. On the whole the capitalist world has not gone up even go much."*

The table brings us to the conclusion that the economy of the world capitalism is developing unevenly and has become still more unstable.

Further, according to the table of the result of the 5-year period in the industry development in % by 1950 (according to plan-fact type), the characteristics of the rise are shown. Still deep analysis of the contradictions of the falling back in certain industrial branches is not carried out. It's only mentioned that "our planning doesn't meet the demands of the law of proportional balanced development of socialist economy and a result temporary partial disproportion come up and the hamper the development of certain branches"*. A deviation from the scheme of analysis is observed from that of the previous congresses. At the same time the results of measures to simplify the structure, to cut down the staff, to improve the work of the administrative body are being considered in detail. It is mentioned that during the last years "according to the present data" the administrative-directive body has been cut down for almost 750 thousand people. A reorganization of the planning body was carried out (a division of the perspective and current planning took place) to provide more careful development in the national economy planning and better controlling organization for their fulfillment. At the same time during the period between the 19th-20th congresses the body staff of the CPSU Central Committee was cut down for 24,7%.

21st CPSU Congress (Jan. 27 - Feb. 5, 1959)

No table analysis. The problems of national economy are not discussed on the basis of operating of the main and other economic laws of social production. And only during the 27th CPSU Congress (Feb. 25 - March 6, 1986), as a result of a deep analysis carried out, the most serious announcements of truth were made. It was mentioned that "in the 70ies, difficulties rose up in national economy, the economy growth rates went noticeably down... The main problem is that we have not politically estimated the changes in the economy, have not fully realized the necessity of a quick change of the methods used in economy to more intensive ones, to an intensive use of the scientific progress in national economy... As a result, the growth rates of the labor productivity and some other indices went down most noticeably. The national economy which had great resources was all of a sudden devoid of them. A big gap formed between the consumer and the achieved level of industry, between the effective demand and its material realization".*

Those conclusions were reflected in the new edition of the CPSU program.


* See Stenographic materials of the XVII th - XXVII st CPSU Congress.


** See Data of 1933 at the 18th CPSU Congress, more precise than those of the 17th CPSU Congress, but the picture is the same.


*** See Data for 1946, 1949, 1950 in France, the US, England, and Italy are a little different from data brought up at the 19th CPSU Congress and for 1937, data from the 18th CPSU Congress.


**** See Data for 1944